Table 3 Means (sd) of cervical cancer Knowledge Grades by gender, screening and vaccination*
From: Knowledge, attitudes and practices of cervical cancer prevention among Zambian women and men
| Â | Gender | Screening practice | Vaccination practice | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female (N = 117) | Male (N = 104) | Yes (N = 54) | No (N = 63) | Yes (N = 28) | No (N = 193) | |
Causes | ||||||
 Smoking | .06 (.24) | .14 (.35) | .07 (.26) | .05 (.21) | .04 (.19) | .11 (.31) |
 Becoming sexually active at a young age | .21 (.41) | .52 (.50) | .20 (.41) | .22 (.42) | .29 (.46) | .37 (.48) |
 Having many sexual partners | .42 (.50) | .60 (.49) | .46 (.50) | .38 (.49) | .46 (.51) | .51 (.50) |
 Becoming pregnant at a young age | .02 (.13) | .14 (.35) | .00(.00) | .03 (.18) | .04 (.19) | .08 (.28) |
 Using contraceptives | .05 (.22) | .10 (.30) | .00 (.00) | .10 (.30) | .04 (.19) | .08 (.27) |
 Having many pregnancies | .03 (.19) | .12 (.32) | .00 (.00) | .06 (.25) | .04 (.19) | .08 (.27) |
 Being old | .03 (.18) | .02 (.14) | .04 (.19) | .03 (.18) | .04 (.19) | .03 (.16) |
 Vaginal douching | .47 (.50) | .41 (.49) | .52 (.50) | .43 (.50) | .61 (.50) | .42 (.49) |
 Heredity | .03 (.18) | .06 (.23) | .02 (.14) | .05 (.21) | .07 (.26) | .04 (.20) |
 Having a STI | .23 (.42) | .44 (.50) | .28 (.45) | .19 (.40) | .43 (.50) | .32 (.47) |
 Practicing unsafe sex | .38 (.49) | .50 (.50) | .44 (.50) | .33 (.48) | .54 (.51) | .42 (.50) |
 HPV infection | .38 (.49) | .44 (.50) | .50 (.50) | .29 (.46) | .54 (.51) | .39 (.49) |
Protective Factors | ||||||
 Not smoking | .05 (.22) | .17 (.38) | .06 (.23) | .05 (.21) | .04 (.19) | .12 (.32) |
 Not becoming sexually active at a young age | .18 (.39) | .55 (.50) | .17 (.38) | .19 (.40) | .25 (.44) | .37 (.48) |
 Being faithful to one sexual partner | .29 (.46) | .58 (.50) | .35 (.48) | .24 (.43) | .54 (.51) | .41 (.49) |
 Not taking contraceptives | .01 (.09) | .10 (.30) | .00 (.00) | .02 (.13) | .00 (.00) | .06 (.23) |
 No vaginal douching | .40 (.48) | .49 (.50) | .50 (.50) | .32 (.47) | .57 (.50) | .42 (.49) |
 Practicing safe sex | .24 (.43) | .51 (.50) | .28 (.45) | .21 (.41) | .39 (.50) | .36 (.48) |
 Being circumcised | .43 (.50) | .56 (.50) | .44 (.50) | .41 (.50) | .57 (.50) | .48 (.50) |
 HPV vaccination | .36 (.48) | .45 (.50) | .48 (.50) | .25 (.44) | .54 (.51) | .38 (.49) |
 Attending regular screening | .51 (.50) | .47 (.50) | .59 (.50) | .44 (.50) | .46 (.51) | .50 (.50) |
Knowledge grade | 3.03 (2.69) | 4.24 (2.81) | 3.55 (2.64) | 2.58 (2.67) | 4.02 (2.80) | 3.54 (2.81) |