Table 1 Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of study participants (N = 422)
Characteristic | n (%) |
|---|---|
Form | |
 Form 1 | 35 (8.4) |
 Form 2 | 94 (22.3) |
 Form 3 | 90 (21.3) |
 Form 4 | 125 (29.6) |
 Form 5 | 78 (18.4) |
Age (Years), (M = 15.3, SD = 1.24) | |
 13 | 34 (8.1) |
 14 | 93 (22.0) |
 15 | 90 (21.3) |
 16 | 123 (29.1) |
 17 | 82 (19.4) |
Initiation age of smoking (Years) | |
  < 7 | 5 (1.2) |
 7–12 | 168 (39.8) |
 13–17 | 249 (59.0) |
Gender | |
 Male | 381 (90.3) |
 Female | 41 (9.7) |
Ethnicity | |
 Bumiputera | 331 (78.4) |
 Non-Bumiputera | 91 (21.6) |
Daily Pocket Allowance (MYR) | |
  < 2 | 21 (5.0) |
 2- < 5 | 180 (42.7) |
 5- < 10 | 176 (41.7) |
  ≥ 10 | 45 (10.7) |
Household Monthly Family Income (MYR) | |
  ≤ 1000 | 27 (6.4) |
 1001–4000 | 347 (82.2) |
  ≥ RM 4000 | 48 (11.4) |
Working After School (Student) | |
 Yes | 51 (12.1) |
 No | 371 (87.9) |
Smoking Status | |
 Sole CC | 114 (27.0) |
 Sole EC | 178 (42.2) |
 Dual user (CC and EC) | 130 (30.8) |
HONC (M = 2.65, SD = 2.307) | |
 Not Hooked (< 1) | 90 (21.3) |
 Hooked (≥1) | 332 (78.7) |
CO ppm (M = 2.1, SD = 2.682) | |
 Non-Smoker (1–3) | 337 (79.9) |
 Light Smoker (4–6) | 60 (14.2) |
 Regular Smoker (≥7) | 29 (6.9) |