| |
Low/borderline
|
Below average
|
Average
|
High average
|
Superior
|
Likelihood ratio
|
p value
|
|---|
|
Mean
|
95% CI
|
Mean
|
95% CI
|
Mean
|
95% CI
|
Mean
|
95% CI
|
Mean
|
95% CI
|
|---|
|
Sex
|
|
Boys
|
10.1
|
8.3, 12.2
|
14.3
|
11.6, 17.5
|
38.0
|
34.5, 41.7
|
20.7
|
17.9, 23.7
|
16.9
|
14.5, 19.7
|
18.726
|
p < 0.05
|
|
Girls
|
14.5
|
11.9, 17.6
|
13.1
|
10.6, 16.0
|
40.3
|
36.6, 44.1
|
15.9
|
13.5, 18.6
|
16.3
|
13.6, 19.3
| | |
|
Age groups
|
|
5.0–6.9 years
|
14.6
|
11.3, 18.7
|
11.9
|
9.2, 15.4
|
36.0
|
31.5, 40.7
|
19.4
|
15.9, 23.4
|
18.1
|
14.8, 22.0
|
37.301
|
p < 0.01
|
|
7.0–9.9 years
|
12.4
|
10.1, 15.1
|
13.5
|
11.0, 16.5
|
36.2
|
32.3, 40.3
|
17.6
|
14.8, 20.9
|
20.2
|
17.1, 23.8
| | |
|
10.0–12.9 years
|
10.5
|
7.9, 13.8
|
15.0
|
11.4, 19.4
|
44.1
|
39.4, 48.9
|
18.4
|
15.3, 22.0
|
12.0
|
9.4, 15.2
| | |
|
Residence
|
|
Urban
|
11.9
|
10.0, 14.1
|
13.1
|
10.9, 15.6
|
38.8
|
35.8, 42.0
|
17.9
|
15.8, 20.3
|
18.2
|
16.0, 20.6
|
21.290
|
p < 0.01
|
|
Rural
|
13.3
|
11.0, 16.1
|
16.2
|
12.9, 20.1
|
40.3
|
36.0, 44.7
|
20.0
|
16.5, 24.1
|
10.2
|
8.2, 12.7
| | |
|
Income groups
|
|
Below MYR1500
|
17.3
|
14.0, 21.1
|
17.5
|
13.6, 22.2
|
43.2
|
38.4, 48.1
|
13.9
|
11.2, 17.1
|
8.2
|
6.2, 10.7
|
151.781
|
p < 0.001
|
|
MYR1500-MYR2299
|
12.9
|
9.3, 17.7
|
13.9
|
10.3, 18.5
|
37.9
|
32.0, 44.2
|
21.5
|
17.0, 26.9
|
13.8
|
10.4, 18.1
| | |
|
MYR2300-MYR5599
|
9.9
|
7.5, 13.0
|
10.9
|
8.4, 14.1
|
40.9
|
36.5, 45.5
|
18.7
|
15.6, 22.3
|
19.6
|
16.3, 23.3
| | |
|
MYR5600 and above
|
6.5
|
4.2, 10.1
|
11.8
|
7.9, 17.3
|
30.2
|
25.0, 35.9
|
22.1
|
17.3, 27.6
|
29.4
|
23.9, 35.7
| | |
|
Paternal education level
|
|
Non-schooling and primary school
|
17.7
|
11.9, 25.6
|
22.4
|
13.3, 35.3
|
36.4
|
27.2, 46.7
|
14.4
|
9.2, 21.7
|
9.1
|
5.4, 15.0
|
99.370
|
p < 0.001
|
|
Secondary school
|
14.2
|
12.0, 16.7
|
13.6
|
11.5, 16.0
|
41.0
|
37.7, 44.3
|
17.4
|
15.2, 19.9
|
13.8
|
11.8, 16.0
| | |
|
Tertiary school
|
6.0
|
4.0, 8.7
|
11.3
|
8.2, 15.4
|
35.6
|
31.1, 40.4
|
21.7
|
18.0, 25.9
|
25.4
|
21.2, 30.1
| | |
|
Maternal education level
|
|
Non-schooling and primary school
|
21.8
|
14.4, 31.6
|
21.0
|
12.3, 33.4
|
37.9
|
27.7, 49.1
|
10.1
|
6.0, 16.5
|
9.3
|
4.9. 17.1
|
119.384
|
p < 0.001
|
|
Secondary school
|
13.5
|
11.5, 15.9
|
13.7
|
11.5, 16.2
|
42.2
|
39.0, 45.5
|
17.1
|
14.9, 19.5
|
13.5
|
11.6, 15.7
| | |
|
Tertiary school
|
6.4
|
4.5, 9.0
|
11.9
|
8.7, 15.9
|
31.7
|
27.3, 36.5
|
23.8
|
19.9, 28.2
|
26.2
|
22.0, 30.9
| | |
|
Ethnicity
|
|
Malay
|
13.5
|
11.2, 16.2
|
16.1
|
13.3, 19.3
|
41.7
|
38.0, 45.5
|
15.5
|
13.0, 18.3
|
13.2
|
10.9, 16.0
|
117.651
|
p < 0.001
|
|
Chinese
|
7.5
|
5.4, 10.2
|
8.2
|
6.0, 11.1
|
30.5
|
26.3, 35.1
|
25.3
|
21.3, 29.8
|
28.5
|
24.2, 33.2
| | |
|
Indian
|
17.6
|
12.1, 24.9
|
12.0
|
7.4, 19.0
|
45.2
|
35.5, 55.3
|
13.0
|
8.3, 19.7
|
12.1
|
6.8, 20.8
| | |
|
Others
|
10.9
|
7.3, 16.0
|
12.0
|
8.5, 16.6
|
37.3
|
32.2, 42.7
|
23.2
|
19.2, 27.7
|
16.6
|
13.1, 20.8
| | |
|
BAZ groups
|
|
Thinness
|
5.9
|
3.3, 10.3
|
18.1
|
11.7, 26.9
|
44.8
|
34.1, 56.1
|
16.6
|
11.0, 24.4
|
14.6
|
8.9, 22.8
|
43.447
|
p = 0.102
|
|
Normal weight
|
12.5
|
10.6, 14.7
|
11.5
|
9.6, 13.8
|
39.3
|
36.2, 42.6
|
18.7
|
16.4, 21.3
|
17.9
|
15.7, 20.4
| | |
|
Overweight
|
14.9
|
10.6, 20.7
|
14.7
|
9.1, 23.0
|
38.2
|
31.3, 45.5
|
19.3
|
14.5, 25.2
|
12.9
|
8.9, 18.4
| | |
|
Obese
|
9.4
|
4.7, 17.6
|
19.4
|
13.0, 28.0
|
37.5
|
30.1, 45.5
|
19.9
|
14.5, 26.6
|
13.9
|
8.5, 21.8
| | |
|
Severe obesity
|
17.1
|
9.9, 28.0
|
19.0
|
11.4, 29.9
|
35.1
|
25.4, 46.2
|
10.1
|
5.6, 17.5
|
18.7
|
11.9, 28.3
| | |
|
HAZ groups
|
|
Stunted
|
16.4
|
9.9, 26.2
|
14.8
|
9.0, 23.4
|
36.6
|
26.4, 48.2
|
19.4
|
12.3, 29.1
|
12.8
|
7.7, 20.4
|
3.969
|
p = 0.656
|
|
Normal height
|
11.9
|
10.3, 13.8
|
13.6
|
11.7, 15.8
|
39.3
|
36.6, 42.0
|
18.3
|
16.4, 20.4
|
16.8
|
15.0, 18.9
| | |
- IQ categories: < 80, low/borderline; 80–90, below average; 90–109, average; 110–119, high average; ≥ 120, superior
- Other ethnic groups include Sarawak bumiputra, Sabah bumiputra, and other bumiputra
- ǂUSD 1 = MYR 4.1405 (as at 28 September 2018)
