Table 1 Differences in distribution explored of sociodemographic, socioeconomic, genetic, co-morbidities, anthropometric measurement, biochemical markers, lifestyle and environment factors among Malaysian women
Variables | Cases N = 142 (%) | Controls N = 142 (%) | Regresion coefficient (b) | Crude OR | 95% Confidence interval | Wald Stats. | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I. Sociodemographic & Socioeconomic Factors | |||||||
Age (years)a | 52.56 (8.65) | 52.27 (8.96) | 0.01 | 1.004 | 0.977,1.031 | 0.08 | 0.782 |
Educational level | |||||||
Low education | 120 (84.5) | 115 (81.0) | 0.25 | 1.28 | 0.69,2.38 | 0.62 | 0.433 |
[High education] | 22 (15.5) | 27 (19.0) | |||||
Economic Status (Income per capita) | |||||||
Low (≤ RM 685) | 105 (73.9) | 95 (66.9) | 0.34 | 1.40 | 0.84,2.34 | 1.68 | 0.194 |
[High (> RM 685)] | 37 (26.1) | 47 (33.1) | |||||
Occupation | |||||||
Non- professional | 121 (85.2) | 119 (83.8) | 0.11 | 1.11 | 0.59,2.12 | 0.11 | 0.743 |
[Professional] | 21 (14.8) | 23 (16.2) | |||||
II. Genetic factors | |||||||
Family history of IHD | |||||||
Yes | 60 (42.3) | 37 (26.1) | 0.73 | 2.08 | 1.26,3.43 | 8.16 | 0.004 |
[No] | 82 (57.7) | 105 (73.9) | |||||
III. Co-morbidities, Anthropometric measurement and biochemical markers | |||||||
Diabetes Mellitus | |||||||
Yes | 57 (40.1) | 34 (23.9) | 0.76 | 2.13 | 1.28,3.55 | 8.41 | 0.004 |
[No] | 85 (59.9) | 108 (76.1) | |||||
Hypertension | |||||||
Yes | 90 (63.4) | 72 (50.7) | 0.52 | 1.69 | 1.05,2.70 | 4.63 | 0.031 |
[No] | 52 (36.6) | 70 (49.3) | |||||
Autoimmune Disease | |||||||
Yes | 4 (2.8) | 1 (0.7) | 1.41 | 4.09 | 0.45,37.03 | 1.57 | 0.211 |
[No] | 138 (97.2) | 141 (99.3) | |||||
Migraine | |||||||
Yes | 32 (22.5) | 26 (18.3) | 0.26 | 1.30 | 0.73,2.32 | 0.78 | 0.378 |
[No] | 110 (77.5) | 116 (81.7) | |||||
Waist circumferencea | 90.1 (14.5) | 87.9 (12.7) | 0.02 | 1.02 | 1.00, 1.04 | 4.80 | 0.029 |
Obesity (BMI) | |||||||
Obese | 43 (30.3) | 35 (24.6) | 0.28 | 1.33 | 0.79,2.24 | 1.12 | 0.288 |
[Non obese] | 99 (69.7) | 107 (75.4) | |||||
LDL-Cholesterol level (mmol/L)a | 3.65 (1.38) | 3.88 (1.09) | −0.15 | 0.86 | 0.71,1.04 | 2.41 | 0.121 |
HDL-Cholesterol level (Category)(mmol/L) | |||||||
Low HDL (< 1.0) | 21 (14.8) | 7 (4.9) | 1.26 | 3.34 | 1.46,8.57 | 7.82 | 0.005 |
[High HDL (≥1.0)] | 121 (85.2) | 135 (95.1) | |||||
IV. Life style factor | |||||||
Dietary Intake (Fat) | |||||||
High | 31 (21.8) | 25 (17.6) | 0.27 | 1.31 | 0.73,2.35 | 0.80 | 0.372 |
[Low] | 111 (78.2) | 117 (82.4) | |||||
Physical activity | |||||||
Low | 39 (27.5) | 29 (20.4) | 0.39 | 1.48 | 0.85,2.56 | 1.92 | 0.166 |
[High] | 103 (72.5) | 113 (79.6) | |||||
Stress | |||||||
Yes | 49 (34.5) | 42 (29.6) | 0.23 | 1.25 | 0.76,2.07 | 0.79 | 0.374 |
[No] | 93 (65.5) | 100 (70.4) | |||||
Smoking | |||||||
Yes | 3 (2.1) | 1 (0.7) | 1.11 | 3.02 | 0.31;29.20 | 0.91 | 0.341 |
[No] | 139 (97.9) | 140 (98.6) | |||||
V. Environment factors | |||||||
Passive smoking | |||||||
Yes | 91 (64.1) | 53 (37.3) | 1.10 | 3.00 | 1.85,4.85 | 19.84 | < 0.001 |
[No] | 51 (35.9) | 89 (62.7) | |||||