Skip to main content

Table 5 Blood pressure and blood chemistry by status of diagnosis of hypertension (HPN), hypercholesterolemia (HPC) and diabetes mellitus (DM) according to household income levels

From: Non-communicable diseases among low income adults in rural coastal communities in Eastern Sabah, Malaysia

 

Hardcore poor

Poor

Above PLI

p valueA,B

N

Mean ± S.D.

p valuea,b

N

Mean±S.D.

p valuea,b

N

Mean±S.D.

P valuea,b

Systolic BP (mmHg)

No HPN

161

118.5±11.2aA

< 0.001

33

117.5±10.1aA

< 0.001

28

118.5±12.5aA

< 0.001

0.883

Known HPN

13

140.8±19.9bA

 

4

133.5±19.0bA

 

10

159.6±30.4bA

 

0.113

Unknown HPN

65

155.4±18.9cA

 

10

147.2±6.7cA

 

6

157.3±14.7bA

 

0.371

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

No HPN

161

71.8±8.1aA

< 0.001

33

72.9±7.8aA

0.010

28

71.3±8.8aA

< 0.001

0.686

Known HPN

13

83.7±12.9bA

 

4

81.3±11.6aA

 

10

88.2±12.5bA

 

0.574

Unknown HPN

65

86.6±9.0bA

 

10

81.9±9.9aA

 

6

90.2±11.4bA

 

0.195

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

No HPC

138

4.3±0.6aA

< 0.001

29

4.3±0.5A

< 0.001

23

4.2±0.6aA

< 0.001

0.858

Known HPC

2

4.8±0.9a

 

1

8.1

 

3

6.4±0.6b

 

0.068

Unknown HPC

99

6.2±0.8b

 

17

5.9±0.5A

 

18

6.2±0.8bA

 

0.319

HDL-C (mmol/L)

No HPC

138

1.2±0.2aA

0.004

29

1.3±0.2A

0.070

23

1.3±0.3aA

0.774

0.390

Known HPC

2

1.3±0.1a

 

1

1.4

 

3

1.3±0.2a

 

0.867

Unknown HPC

99

1.3±0.3aA

 

17

1.5±0.3A

 

18

1.3±0.2aA

 

0.164

LDL-C (mmol/L)

No HPC

138

2.5±0.5aA

< 0.001

29

2.5±0.4A

< 0.001

22

2.5±0.6aA

< 0.001

0.228

Known HPC

2

3.0±0.7a

 

1

5.6

 

3

4.2±0.6b

 

0.806

Unknown HPC

98

4.1±0.7bA

 

17

3.8±0.5A

 

18

4.1±0.6bA

 

0.124

Trg (mmol/L)

No HPC

138

1.2±0.6aA

< 0.001

29

1.1±0.5A

0.025

23

1.1±1.0aA

0.045

0.817

Known HPC

2

1.1±0.3a

 

1

2.5

 

3

2.1±0.4a

 

0.096

Unknown HPC

99

1.8±1.0aA

 

17

1.4±0.6A

 

18

1.8±0.8aA

 

0.367

FBG (mmol/L)

No DM

221

5.0±0.7aA

< 0.001

44

4.8±0.7A

< 0.001

41

4.7±0.6A

< 0.001

0.006

Known DM

3

5.1±0.6a

 

1

12.2

 

1

19.7

 

0.005

Unknown DM

15

11.2±4.5bA

 

2

15.7±6.6A

 

2

10.8±4.6A

 

0.446

  1. a,bDifferent superscripts within the same column denote significant difference between NCD status (p < 0.05) for each blood chemistry. The group sizes are unequal. Type I error levels might occur for the ANOVA
  2. A, B Different superscripts within the same row denote significant difference between household income levels (p < 0.05) for each blood chemistry. The group sizes are unequal. Type I error levels might occur for the ANOVA