Table 3 Predictors of prevalence of depression among hemodialysis patients at 2nd visit (n = 216)
From: Prevalence and predictors of depression among hemodialysis patients: a prospective follow-up study
Variables | Prevalence of Depression (No. %) | Univariate analysis OR (95% CI) | P-value | Multivariate analysis OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | |||||
Gender | ||||||
 Female | 17 (17.3) | 81 (82.7) | Referent |  |  |  |
 Male | 30 (25.4) | 88 (74.6) | 0.676 (0.351–1.336) | 0.245 | 0.699 (0.357–1.370) | 0.297 |
Age (years) | ||||||
  < 40 | 3 (17.6) | 14 (82.4) | Referent |  |  |  |
 41–60 | 28 (22) | 99 (78) | 0.758 (0.203–2.824) | 0.679 |  |  |
  > 60 | 16 (22.2) | 56 (77.8) | 0.750 (0.192–2.937) | 0.680 |  |  |
BMI | ||||||
 Underweight | 4 (33.3) | 8 (66.7) | Referent |  |  |  |
 Normal | 28 (19.2) | 118 (80.8) | 2.107 (0.592–7.496) | 0.250 |  |  |
 Overweight | 10 (22.2) | 35 (77.8) | 1.750 (0.436–7.032) | 0.430 |  |  |
 Obese | 5 (38.5) | 8 (61.5) | 0.800 (0.155–4.123) | 0.790 |  |  |
Socioeconomic Status | ||||||
 Low | 10 (25.6) | 29 (74.4) | Referent |  |  |  |
 Middle | 29 (19.1) | 123 (80.9) | 1.463 (0.641–3.337) | 0.366 |  |  |
 High | 8 (32) | 17 (68) | 0.733 (0.243–2.214) | 0.582 |  |  |
Marital Status | ||||||
 Single | 3 (16.7) | 15 (83.3) | Referent |  |  |  |
 Married | 44 (22.2) | 154 (77.8) | 0.700 (0.194–2.528) | 0.586 |  |  |
Race | ||||||
 Malay | 47 (22.6) | 161 (77.4) | Non-computable |  |  |  |
 Others | – | 8 (100) |  | – |  |  |
Smoking status | ||||||
 Current Smoker | 15 (21.1) | 56 (78.9) | Referent |  |  |  |
 Non-Smoker | 32 (22.1) | 113 (77.9) | 0.946 (0.474–1.889) | 0.875 |  |  |
Alcohol | ||||||
 Current drinker | 4 (23.5) | 13 (76.5) | Referent |  |  |  |
 Non-drinker | 43 (21.6) | 156 (78.4) | 1.116 (0.346–3.598) | 0.854 |  |  |
Drug Addiction | ||||||
 Current Drug Addiction | 7 (20.6) | 27 (79.4) | Referent |  |  |  |
 No Drug Addiction | 40 (22) | 142 (78) | 0.920 (0.373–2.269) | 0.857 |  |  |
Employment | ||||||
 Unemployed | 23 (19.7) | 94 (80.3) | Referent |  |  |  |
 Employed | 24 (24.2) | 75 (75.8) | 0.765 (0.400–1.461) | 0.417 |  |  |
Dialysis Years | ||||||
 1 year | 15 (24.6) | 46 (75.4) | Referent |  |  |  |
 2–4 years | 18 (23.7) | 58 (76.3) | 1.051 (0.478–2.308) | 0.902 |  |  |
  > 5 years | 14 (17.7) | 65 (82.3) | 1.514 (0.667–3.439) | 0.322 |  |  |
Hemodialysis Centers | ||||||
 Private | 23 (18.4) | 102 (81.6) | Referent |  | Referent |  |
 NGO | 10 (30.3) | 23 (69.7) | 0.519 (0.217–1.237) | 0.139 | 0.580 (0.238–1.412) | 0.580 |
 Governmental | 14 (24.1) | 44 (75.9) | 0.709 (0.334–1.504) | 0.370 | 0.646 (0.295–1.417) | 0.276 |
Vascular access | ||||||
 Fistula | 44 (22) | 156 (78) | Referent |  |  |  |
 Others | 3 (18.8) | 13 (81.3) | 1.222 (0.333–4.481) | 0.762 |  |  |
Diabetes Mellitus | ||||||
 No | 14 (17.3) | 67 (82.7) | Referent |  | Referent |  |
 Yes | 33 (24.4) | 102 (75.6) | 0.646 (0.322–1.297) | 0.219 | 0.688 (0.335–1.413) | 0.309 |
Cardiovascular Diseases | ||||||
 No | 40 (22) | 142 (78) | Referent |  |  |  |
 Yes | 7 (20.6) | 27 (79.4) | 1.087 (0.441–2.679) | 0.857 |  |  |
Gouty Arthritis | ||||||
 No | 43 (22.9) | 145 (77.1) | Referent |  |  |  |
 Yes | 4 (14.3) | 24 (85.7) | 1.779 (0.585–5.409) | 0.310 |  |  |
Other Comorbidities | ||||||
 No | 35 (22.9) | 118 (77.1) | Referent |  |  |  |
 Yes | 12 (19) | 51 (81) | 1.261 (0.605–2.625) | 0.536 |  |  |
Type Therapy | ||||||
 Mono-therapy | 22 (18.5) | 97 (81.5) | Referent |  | Referent |  |
 Multi-therapy | 25 (25.8) | 72 (74.2) | 0.653 (0.341–1.250) | 0.198 | 0.628 (0.319–1.237) | 0.178 |