Table 4 Risk factors for severe disease among hospitalized patients enrolled in VICo respiratory syndrome surveillance, 2008–2012 (N = 446)
From: Hospitalization and death among patients with influenza, Guatemala, 2008–2012
Characteristics | Severe Diseasea(n = 88) | Less Severe (n = 358) | Bivariate OR (95% CI) | MultivariatebOR (95%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age Group | ||||
0–2 | 43 (21.0) | 162 (79.0) | 1 | |
2–5 | 16 (28.6) | 40 (71.4) | 1.5 (0.8–2.9) | |
5–15 | 10 (29.4) | 24 (70.6) | 1.6 (0.7–3.5) | |
15–50 | 8 (11.3) | 63 (88.7) | 0.5 (0.2–1.1) | |
50–65 | 6 (16.7) | 30 (83.3) | 0.8 (0.3–1.9) | |
65+ | 5 (11.4) | 39 (88.6) | 0.5 (0.2–1.3) | |
Sex | ||||
Male | 48 (18.9) | 206 (81.1) | 1 | |
Female | 40 (20.8) | 152 (79.2) | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) | |
Site | ||||
Guatemala City | 3 (5.0) | 57 (95.0) | 1 | 1 |
Santa Rosa | 32 (19.8) | 130 (80.2) | 4.7 (1.4–15.0) | 9.5 (1.8–50.2) |
Quetzaltenango | 53 (23.7) | 171 (76.3) | 5.9 (1.8–19.6) | 5.2 (0.9–29.7) |
Ethnicity | ||||
Latino | 46 (16.7) | 229 (83.3) | 1 | 1 |
Indigenous | 42 (26.8) | 115 (73.2) | 1.8 (1.1–2.9) | 4.3 (1.5–12.5) |
Existing Chronic Disease | ||||
No | 19 (18.8) | 82 (81.2) | 1 | |
Yes | 67 (20.2) | 264 (79.8) | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | |
Pneumonia on Chest –X-ray (n = 239) | ||||
No | 19 (12.8) | 129 (87.2) | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 33 (36.3) | 58 (63.7) | 3.9 (2.0–7.4) | 5.2 (2.5–11.0) |
Antiviral treatment received (n = 268) | ||||
No | 1 (16.7) | 5 (83.3) | 1 | |
Yes | 50 (19.1) | 212 (80.9) | 1.2 (0.1–10.3) | |
Type of flu | ||||
A | 74 (20.6) | 286 (79.4) | 1 | |
B | 12 (14.6) | 70 (85.4) | 0.7 (0.3–1.3) | |
A and B | 2 (50.0) | 2 (50.0) | 3.9 (0.5–27.9) | |
Household Size | ||||
1–4 | 21 (14.2) | 127 (85.8) | 1 | |
5–6 | 35 (20.4) | 137 (79.7) | 1.5 (0.9–2.8) | |
7+ | 32 (28.6) | 80 (71.4) | 2.4 (1.3–4.5) | |
Sought care before hospitalization | ||||
No | 24 (13.3) | 157 (86.7) | 1 | |
Yes | 62 (25.7) | 179 (74.3) | 2.3 (1.4–3.8) | |