Table 2 Clinical characteristics at admission of hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza infection in the VICo Respiratory Syndrome Surveillance System, 2008–2012
From: Hospitalization and death among patients with influenza, Guatemala, 2008–2012
Characteristics | Guatemala City n = 60 | Quetzaltenango (Xela) n = 224 | Santa Rosa (Cuilapa) n = 162 | Total n = 446 | Chi-square p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fever started less than 7 days ago | 28 (47) | 153 (69) | 104 (65) | 285 (64) | 0.01 |
Abnormality during lung examination | 56 (93) | 200 (90) | 107 (73) | 363 (85) | < 0.01 |
Tachypnea (fast breathing) | 24 (40) | 143 (64) | 72 (44) | 239 (54) | < 0.01 |
Diarrhea/Loose stool past 7 days | 10 (17) | 47 (21) | 19 (12) | 76 (17) | 0.06 |
Cough | 54 (90) | 215 (96) | 153 (96) | 422 (95) | 0.09 |
Sputum or phlegm | 45 (75) | 180 (81) | 93 (58) | 318 (72) | < 0.01 |
Sputum with blood | 1 (2) | 25 (11) | 5 (3) | 31 (7) | 0.01 |
Any existing chronic condition | 10 (17) | 70 (31) | 21 (14) | 101 (23) | < 0.01 |
Heart Disease | 4 (7) | 21 (9) | 1 (0.6) | 26 (6) | < 0.01 |
X-ray results (n = 210) | |||||
Alveolar consolidation/Pleural effusion | 12 (34) | 54 (54) | 25 (31) | 91 (43) | 0.004 |
Other infiltrate/Abnormality | 11 (31) | 26 (26) | 20 (25) | 57 (27) | |
None | 10 (29) | 19 (19) | 33 (41) | 62 (29) | |
End-point Pneumonia (n = 239) | 30 (71) | 54 (50) | 64 (72) | 148 (62) | 0.003 |
“Danger signs” in Children Under 5 (n = 261) | |||||
Vomiting everything | 12 (21) | 38 (34) | 20 (21) | 70 (27) | 0.22 |
Able to drink or breastfeed | 24 (43) | 58 (52) | 37 (39) | 119 (46) | 0.06 |
Convulsions or attacks | 5 (9) | 10 (9) | 13 (14) | 28 (11) | 0.03 |
Increased tendency to sleep | 26 (46) | 42 (38) | 13 (14) | 81 (31) | < 0.01 |
Immunization data | |||||
Had vaccination card | 40 (71) | 63 (57) | 40 (43) | 143 (55) | 0.004 |
Received influenza vaccine past 6 months (n = 261) | |||||
Yes | 0 | 3 (1) | 1 (1) | 4 (1) | |
Missing | 2 (3) | 68 (30) | 80 (49) | 150 (3) | |
Received pentavalent vaccinea (n = 261) | 40 (71) | 82 (80) | 56 (70) | 178 (74) | 0.62 |
Number of pentavalent dosesa (n = 261) | |||||
1 | 5 (9) | 16 (14) | 8 (9) | 29 (11) | 0.30 |
2 | 6 (11) | 11 (10) | 12 (13) | 29 (11) | |
3 | 29 (52) | 55 (50) | 36 (14) | 120 (46) | |
Missing | 16 (29) | 28 (25) | 38 (40) | 82 (31) | |
Received DPT (n = 261) | |||||
Yes | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 5 (5) | 7 (3) | 0.04 |
Missing | 41 (73) | 91 (82) | 62 (66) | 194 (74) | |