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Table 3 Unadjusted and adjusted associations of IPV measures with depressive symptoms

From: Intimate partner violence, depression, and sexual behaviour among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in the PROUD trial

N = 743 observations (using pooled 12/24 data in GEE models; N = 436 men)

Clinically significant depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10)

14.4% (107/743)

% (n/N)

Unadjusted PR [95% CI] Overall p valueb

Adjusteda PR [95% CI] Overall p valueb

Lifetime IPV victimization

No/missing

8.9% (38/425)

1

1

Yes

21.7% (69/318)

2.45 [1.63, 3.67]

2.57 [1.71, 3.86]

< 0.001

< 0.001

IPV victimization in last year

No/missing

11.1% (70/630)

1

1

Yes

32.7% (37/113)

2.82 [1.88, 4.22]

2.93 [1.96, 4.40]

< 0.001

< 0.001

Lifetime IPV perpetration

No/missing

10.8% (65/603)

1

1

Yes

30.0% (42/140)

2.83 [1.89, 4.22]

2.87 [1.91, 4.32]

< 0.001

< 0.001

IPV perpetration in last year

No/missing

12.1% (83/688)

1

1

Yes

43.6% (24/55)

3.40 [2.13, 5.41]

3.47 [2.13, 5.64]

< 0.001

< 0.001

Combined lifetime IPV victimization/ perpetrationc

Vict. & perp.

31.2% (39/125)

3.69 [2.33, 5.86]

3.87 [2.43, 6.16]

Undirectional vict.

15.5% (30/193)

1.74 [1.07, 2.82]

1.83 [1.13, 2.98]

Neither /missing

8.9% (38/425)

1

1

< 0.001

< 0.001

  1. aAge (included as four categories: < 25, 25–29, 30–39, 40+), born in the UK, sexual identity (gay or bisexual/straight), university education, and London clinic site
  2. bp value by Wald test using GEEs. p values< 0.1 are indicated in bold
  3. cMen who reported unidirectional IPV perpetration were excluded since the number of men reporting this measure (n = 11 at month-12 and n = 4 at month-24) was too small to allow for meaningful analysis, and these men did not fit into the ‘neither/missing’ category