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Table 1 Adjusted associations with lifetime IPV victimization and IPV victimization in the last year, using pooled 12/24-month data

From: Intimate partner violence, depression, and sexual behaviour among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in the PROUD trial

N = 743 observations (using pooled 12/24 data in GEE models; N = 436 men)

Lifetime IPV victimization

IPV victimization in the last year

% (n/N)

Adjusteda PR [95% CI]

Overall p value c

% (n/N)

Adjusteda PR [95% CI]

Overall p value c

Study time-point

Month-12

44.9% (184/410)

1

15.6% (64/410)

1

Month-24

40.2% (134/333)

0.92 [0.76, 1.10]

14.7% (49/333)

0.98 [0.69, 1.40]

0.36

 

0.93

Randomized to study trial arm

Immediate

42.0% (167/398)

1

15.8% (63/398)

1

Deferred

43.8% (151/345)

1.05 [0.82, 1.35]

14.5% (50/345)

0.89 [0.60, 1.32]

0.70

 

0.57

London study clinic site

Yes

40.6% (210/517)

1

14.3% (74/517)

1

No

47.8% (108/226)

1.18 [0.89, 1.56]

17.3% (39/226)

1.31 [0.85, 2.02]

0.24

 

0.23

Age

< 25

55.3% (21/38)

1.27 [0.75, 2.15]

23.7% (9/38)

1.61 [0.73, 3.59]

25–29

48.4% (44/91)

1.19 [0.80, 1.77]

19.8% (18/91)

1.32 [0.71, 2.44]

30–34

39.4% (63/160)

0.94 [0.65, 1.36]

13.1% (21/160)

0.83 [0.45, 1.51]

35–39

47.2% (68/144)

1.10 [0.76, 1.59]

16.0% (23/144)

1.02 [0.57, 1.84]

40–44

35.0% (44/125)

0.86 [0.58, 1.28]

11.2% (14/125)

0.74 [0.38, 1.44]

45+

42.2% (78/185)

1

15.1% (28/185)

1

0.61

 

0.44

0.31 b

 

0.27 b

Born in the UK and ethnicity (BAME = Black, Asian, and minority ethnic)

Yes, white

45.0% (183/407)

1

14.3% (58/407)

1

Yes, BAME

51.3% (20/39)

1.18 [0.70, 1.99]

20.5% (8/39)

1.40 [0.63, 3.10]

No, white

39.1% (79/202)

0.90 [0.66, 1.23]

12.9% (26/202)

0.97 [0.58, 1.62]

No, BAME

37.6% (35/93)

0.84 [0.54, 1.31]

22.6% (21/93)

1.83 [1.04, 3.20]

0.69

 

0.15

Self-reported sexual identity

Gay

43.1% (303/703)

1

15.2% (107/703)

1

Bisexual/ straightd

29.4% (10/34)

0.62 [0.29, 1.30]

14.7% (5/34)

0.84 [0.32, 2.22]

0.21

 

0.73

University Education

Yes

42.0% (193/460)

1

15.7% (72/460)

1

No/missing

44.2% (125/283)

1.01 [0.77, 1.32]

14.5% (41/283)

0.84 [0.55, 1.29]

0.96

 

0.43

Employed

Yes

41.3% (251/608)

1

14.5% (88/608)

1

No/missing

49.6% (67/135)

1.17 [0.85, 1.62]

18.5% (25/135)

1.17 [0.70, 1.94]

0.33

 

0.55

Had sex after using recreational drugs (past three months)

No/missing

38.1% (137/360)

1

10.8% (39/360)

1

Yes

47.3% (181/383)

1.36 [1.08, 1.71]

19.3% (74/383)

1.92 [1.28, 2.90]

0.010

 

0.002

Group sex (past three months)

No/missing

42.1% (150/356)

1

11.0% (39/356)

1

Yes

43.4% (168/387)

1.10 [0.88, 1.38]

19.1% (74/387)

1.87 [1.25, 2.79]

0.38

 

0.002

Age < 13 years at anal sex debut

No

43.7% (295/675)

1

15.3% (103/675)

1

Yes

53.7% (22/41)

1.15 [0.72, 1.84]

22.0% (9/41)

1.49 [0.74, 3.03]

0.57

 

0.27

Age ≤ 15 years at anal sex debut

No

42.3% (236/558)

1

14.7% (82/558)

1

Yes

51.3% (81/158)

1.18 [0.89, 1.56]

19.0% (30/158)

1.33 [0.85, 2.08]

0.26

 

0.21

Negative attitudes towards gay sexuality

No/missing

38.3% (166/434)

1

10.8% (47/434)

1

Yes

49.2% (152/309)

1.31 [1.05, 1.64]

21.4% (66/309)

2.00 [1.36, 2.94]

0.016

 

< 0.001

‘Out’ to all/almost all friends, work mates, and close family

Yes

44.6% (166/372)

1

14.0% (52/372)

1

No

42.3% (150/355)

1.08 [0.86, 1.36]

17.2% (61/355)

1.25 [0.85, 1.85]

0.52

 

0.25

Lifetime IPV perpetration

No/missing

32.0% (193/603)

1

8.8% (53/603)

1

Yes

89.3% (125/140)

2.69 [2.11, 3.42]

42.9% (60/140)

4.72 [3.22, 6.93]

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

  1. aAge (< 25, 25–29, 30–39, 40+), born in the UK, sexual identity (gay or bisexual/straight), university education, and London study clinic site
  2. bTest for trend
  3. cp value by Wald test using GEEs. p values< 0.1 are indicated in bold
  4. dFive men identified as straight (1.2%)
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