Table 1 Characteristics of the sample stratified by being bothered by symptoms of depression (PHQ-2 ≥ 2)
Total sample (n = 12,484) | Comparison | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
PHQ-2 < 2 (9605/12484) | PHQ-2 ≥ 2 (2879/12484) | |||
Age, years, mean ± SD | 54.6 ± 10.9 (12484) | 54.9 ± 11.0 (9605) | 53.4 ± 10.6 (2879) | < 0.0001* |
Female, % (N) | 48.5% (6054/12484) | 46.4% (4456/9605) | 55.5% (1598/2879) | < 0.0001 |
Living with partner, yes, % (N) | 82.1% (10,249/12483) | 84% (8067/9604) | 75.8% (2182/2879) | < 0.0001 |
School education, % (N) | ||||
9 years | 37.4% (4665/12484) | 37.1% (3564/9605) | 38.2% (1101/2879) | 0.139 |
10 years | 23.4% (2919/12484) | 23.2% (2230/9605) | 23.9% (689/2879) | 0.221 |
12–13 years | 38.5% (4806/12484) | 39% (3743/9605) | 36.9% (1063/2879) | 0.025 |
other school graduations | 0.4% (55/12484) | 0.4% (40/9605) | 0.5% (15/2879) | 0.280 |
no graduation | 0.3% (39/12484) | 0.3% (28/9605) | 0.4% (11/2879) | 0.276 |
Professional education, % (N) | ||||
apprenticeship/vocational school | 46.1% (5759/12484) | 45.3% (4351/9605) | 48.9% (1408/2879) | < 0.0001 |
master/technical school | 15.4% (1926/12484) | 15.6% (1499/9605) | 14.8% (427/2879) | 0.163 |
university/university of applied sciences | 29.9% (3730/12484) | 31% (2981/9605) | 26% (749/2879) | < 0.0001 |
other professional graduations | 2.7% (336/12484) | 2.7% (258/9605) | 2.7% (78/2879) | 0.499 |
without professional graduation | 5.9% (733/12484) | 5.4% (516/9605) | 7.5% (217/2879) | < 0.0001 |
Employment status, % (N) | ||||
no | 37.1% (4635/12482) | 37.7% (3622/9603) | 35.2% (1013/2879) | 0.007 |
yes, full-time employed | 45.8% (5720/12482) | 46% (4413/9603) | 45.4% (1307/2879) | 0.307 |
yes, part-time employed | 13.4% (1670/12482) | 13% (1245/9603) | 14.8% (425/2879) | 0.007 |
yes, marginally employed | 3.7% (457/12482) | 3.4% (323/9603) | 4.7% (134/2879) | 0.001 |
SES1 (3–21), mean ± SD | 13.2 ± 4.4 (12484) | 13.4 ± 4.4 (9605) | 12.5 ± 4.2 (2879) | < 0.0001* |
Education sum score (1–7), mean ± SD | 3.9 ± 2.2 (12484) | 3.9 ± 2.2 (9605) | 3.8 ± 2.1 (2879) | < 0.0001* |
Occupation sum score (1–7), mean ± SD | 4.8 ± 1.6 (12484) | 4.9 ± 1.6 (9605) | 4.6 ± 1.5 (2879) | < 0.0001 |
Household net-income (1–7), mean ± SD | 4.5 ± 1.7 (12484) | 4.6 ± 1.7 (9605) | 4.1 ± 1.8 (2879) | < 0.0001 |
PHQ-2 ≥ 2 at T0, % (N) | 23.1% (2879/12484) | – | 23.1% (2879/12484) | – |
PHQ-2 ≥ 2 at T1, % (N) | 23.2% (2898/12484) | 15.1% (1455/9605) | 50.1% (1443/2879) | < 0.0001 |
PHQ-2 score at T0, mean ± SD | 0.9 ± 1.0 (12484) | 0.4 ± 0.5 (9605) | 1.7 ± 1.6 (2879) | < 0.0001* |
PHQ-2 score at T1, mean ± SD | 0.8 ± 1.2 (12484) | 0.6 ± 0.9 (9605) | 1.7 ± 1.6 (2879) | < 0.0001* |
MH2 of depressive disorder, yes, % (N) | 11.5% (1433/12472) | 7.1% (683/9599) | 26.1% (750/2873) | < 0.0001 |
GAD-2 score, mean ± SD | 0.9 ± 1.1 (12436) | 0.6 ± 0.8 (9569) | 1.8 ± 1.4 (2867) | < 0.0001* |
MH2 of anxiety disorder, yes, % (N) | 7.1% (880/12475) | 4.7% (447/9601) | 15% (433/2874) | < 0.0001 |
CVD3, % (N) | 6.3% (776/12313) | 6.2 (589/9478) | 6.6% (187/2835) | 0.455 |
Cancer, % (N) | 8.7% (1082/12476) | 8.5% (817/9599) | 9.2% (265/2877) | 0.242 |
Diabetes, % (N) | 8.5% (1062/12484) | 8.4% (805/9605) | 8.9% (257/2622) | 0.361 |
COPD4, % (N) | 4.7% (583/12484) | 4.2% (408/9605) | 6.1% (175/2879) | < 0.0001 |
Asthma, % (N) | 2.7% (334/12484) | 2.5% (240/9605) | 3.3% (94/2879) | 0.028 |
Major medical diseases5, % (N) | 23.5% (2907/12363 | 22.8% (2186/9513) | 25% (721/2850) | 0.011 |