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Table 5 Influenza severity and complications 232 by RT-PCR results

From: Influenza epidemiology and influenza vaccine effectiveness during the 2016–2017 season in the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network (GIHSN)

 

Influenza-negative

Influenza-positive

 

A(H1N1)pdm09

A (H3N2)

A not subtyped

B/Yamagata

B/Victoria

B not subtyped

 

N=7245

N=2895

N=76

N=1840

N=129

N=108

N=618

N=135

Category

n

%

n

%

P vs. negative

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

P-value for distribution by strain

Severity indicator

 Intensive care unit admission

317

4.4

132

4.6

0.6656

9

11.8

102

5.5

5

3.9

5

4.6

6

1.0

6

4.4

<0.0001

 Mechanical ventilation

225

3.1

75

2.6

0.1728

5

6.6

61

3.3

3

2.3

2

1.9

3

0.5

2

1.5

0.0018

 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

89

1.2

9

0.3

0.0000

0

0.0

5

0.3

3

2.3

0

0.0

1

0.2

0

0.0

0.0035

 Death during hospitalisation

183

2.5

69

2.4

0.6904

4

5.3

52

2.8

3

2.3

3

2.8

5

0.8

2

1.5

0.0745

 Length of stay (days), median (interquartile range)

6

(3-8)

5

(3-8)

<0.001

6

(3-10)

5

(3-8)

6

(3-9)

4

(2-6.5)

6

(4-8)

5

(3-7)

0.004

Respiratory diagnoses

    

<0.0001

            

0.3163

 None

2052

28.3

1828

63.1

 

15

19.7

1191

64.7

79

61.2

51

47.2

435

70.4

60

44.4

 

 Pneumonia

2335

32.2

658

22.7

 

58

76.3

362

19.7

37

28.7

40

37.0

112

18.1

55

40.7

 

 COPD exacerbation

192

2.7

91

3.1

 

2

2.6

74

4.0

5

3.9

3

2.8

3

0.5

4

3.0

 

 Respiratory failure

109

1.5

12

0.4

 

1

1.3

9

0.5

1

0.8

0

0.0

0

0.0

1

0.7

 

 Asthma exacerbation

53

0.7

30

1.0

 

0

0.0

29

1.6

0

0.0

0

0.0

1

0.2

0

0.0

 

 Acute respiratory distress syndrome

18

0.2

2

0.1

 

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

2

0.3

0

0.0

 

 Pneumotorax

1

0.0

0

0.0

 

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

 

 Bronchiolitis

383

5.3

48

1.7

 

0

0.0

29

1.6

1

0.8

0

0.0

12

1.9

6

4.4

 

 Upper respiratory infection

2101

29.0

226

7.8

 

0

0.0

146

7.9

6

4.7

14

13.0

53

8.6

9

6.7

 

Metabolic failure

    

0.1725

            

0.2106

 No

7016

96.8

2827

97.7

 

72

94.7

1803

98.0

126

97.7

106

98.1

604

97.7

127

94.1

 

 Acute renal failure

85

1.2

19

0.7

 

3

3.9

10

0.5

2

1.6

2

1.9

0

0.0

2

1.5

 

 Diabetic coma

8

0.1

1

0.0

 

0

0.0

1

0.1

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

 

 Fluid/electrolyte/acid-base/balance disorders

136

1.9

48

1.7

 

1

1.3

26

1.4

1

0.8

0

0.0

14

2.3

6

4.4

 

Cardiovascular events

    

<0.0001

            

<0.0001

 None

6674

92.1

2766

95.5

 

69

90.8

1741

94.6

122

94.6

104

96.3

611

98.9

129

95.6

 

 Acute myocardial infarction

6

0.1

1

0.0

 

0

0.0

1

0.1

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

 

 Arterial or venous embolia

1

0.0

0

0.0

 

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

 

 Carditis

2

0.0

1

0.0

 

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

1

0.2

0

0.0

 

 Cardiac arrest

1

0.0

1

0.0

 

0

0.0

1

0.1

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

 

 Malignant hypertension

1

0.0

3

0.1

 

0

0.0

2

0.1

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

1

0.7

 

 Any cardiovascular condition

560

7.7

123

4.2

 

7

9.2

95

5.2

7

5.4

4

3.7

6

1.0

5

3.7

 

Neurologic events

    

0.4268

            

0.4345

 No

7241

99.9

2894

100.0

 

76

100.0

1839

99.9

129

100.0

108

100.0

618

100.0

135

100.0

 

 Altered mental status

3

0.0

1

0.0

 

0

0.0

1

0.1

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

 

 Convulsions

1

0.0

0

0.0

 

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

 

Major discharge diagnoses

    

<0.0001

            

<0.0001

 Influenza

241

3.3

2272

78.5

 

40

52.6

1401

76.1

97

75.2

39

36.1

584

94.5

113

83.7

 

 Pneumonia

2427

33.5

238

8.2

 

31

40.8

145

7.9

12

9.3

29

26.9

13

2.1

12

8.9

 

 Other respiratory disease

2683

37.0

177

6.1

 

1

1.3

132

7.2

8

6.2

15

13.9

17

2.8

6

4.4

 

 Cardiovascular

267

3.7

34

1.2

 

1

1.3

31

1.7

1

0.8

1

0.9

0

0.0

1

0.7

 

 Other

1627

22.5

174

6.0

 

3

3.9

131

7.1

11

8.5

24

22.2

4

0.6

3

2.2