Table 3 Summary of evidence on physical activity (PA) correlates in Thai adults (18 – 59 years old)

– Age

– Sex (+ denotes males are more active, - denotes females are more active)

– Municipality (+ denotes more PA in an urban place of residence, - denotes more PA in a rural place of residence)

– Marital status (+ denotes singles are more active)

– Education level

– University year

– Faculty*

– Household income

– Occupation (+ denotes unemployed are more active)

– Region (+ denotes Central including Bangkok residents are more active, - denotes residents of other provinces are more active)

– Early-life (0-5) urban exposure

– Number of family members

– Student residency (+ denotes residents of university dorms are more active, - denotes students living in other accommodation types are more active)

– Hometown (urban/rural)

– Campus/working location*

– Having a dependant

– Years of working experience

– Working position

– Working type

– Duration of health club membership

– Having a ‘dream job’

– Extra job (+ denotes yes, - denotes no)

– Ever attended a workshop on exercise (+ denotes yes, - denotes no)

Biological factors

– Body mass index (BMI)

– Underweight

– Overweight

– Obesity

– Waist circumference

– Body fat (%)

– Bone mineral density (BMD)

– Calcaneal stiffness index

– Skeletal muscle mass percent

– Dietary calcium intake

– Adequate serum vitamin D levels

– Sunlight exposure

– Total cholesterol (TCH) level

– Triglycerides (TG) level

– HDL-cholesterol level

– LDL-cholesterol level

– Total cholesterol: HDL-C ratio

– High TCH

– High TG

– Low HDL-C

– High TCH: HDL-C ratio

– Resting heart rate

– Mean heart rate

– Predicted maximum heart rate (%)

– Systolic blood pressure

– Diastolic blood pressure

– Fasting plasma glucose

– VO₂max

– FEV1 (Abnormal lung function)

– FVC (Pulmonary function test)

– FEV1/FVC (%)

– Hematocrit level

– Hypercholesterolemia

– History of sickness/Underlying illness/Co-morbid diseases (+ denotes yes, - denotes no)

– Hypertension

– Metabolic syndrome

– Osteoporosis

– Musculoskeletal symptoms

– Relative appendicular skeletal muscle mass (RASM)

– Dysmenorrhea

– Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

– Self-rated general health

– Mental health

– Attitudes towards PA/exercise

– Overall health belief

– Self-efficacy

– Perceived benefits of PA/exercise

– Perceived barriers for PA/exercise

– Outcome expectancies

– Intention to PA/exercise

– Enjoyment of PA/exercise

– Perceived exercise-related effect

– Career satisfaction

– Motivation for PA/exercise

– External regulation

– Extrinsic motivation

– Intrinsic motivation

– Commitment to PA/exercise

– Stress level

– Sense of coherence

– Identity achievement

– Score on memory and intelligence tests

– Physical and functional fitness (e.g. walking distance, leg strength)

– Smoking

– Alcohol consumption

– Healthy dietary habits

– Past PA/exercise experience

– Being a university athlete

– Availability and/or engagement in enjoyable sports

– Loving watching sports

– Having a favourite athlete

– Sedentary time

– Spare time

– Monosodium glutamate (MSG) intake

– Knowledge about PA/exercise

– Grade point average

– Social support

– Cultural support

– General interpersonal influences

– Parent/family influences

– Family members’ involvement in PA/exercise

– Friendship/companionship influences

– Friends’ involvement in PA/exercise

– Information support (e.g. from media)

– Religion (+ denotes Buddhists are more active, - denotes Muslims are more active)

– Environmental support (e.g. situational influences)

– Supportive physical environment (e.g. facilities, supplies)

– Supportive neighbourhood environment

– Urban environment

– Distance to work

– Distance to the nearest shopping place

– Distance to the nearest recreation facility

– Distance to the nearest religious establishment

– Convenience of travel

– Month of the year (+ denotes higher PA in later months of a calendar year)

– Supportive education policies

– Supportive workplace policies