Table 2 Summary of evidence on physical activity (PA) correlates in Thai children and adolescents (6 – 17 years old)
From: Correlates of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in the Thai population: a systematic review
Correlates | Relationship with PA | Summary Code | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Negative/Inverse (-) | Positive (+) | Non-significant (?) | ||
Individual Level | ||||
 Demographic factors | ||||
– Age | 97, 135 (M, F), 183 |  | 158 (M, F) | -- |
– Sex (+ denotes males are more active, - denotes females are more active) |  | 51, 55, 97, 111, 118, 122, 126, 135, 158, 167, 178, 183 | 169, 189 | ++ |
– Household income | 96, 178 |  |  | - |
– School type (+ denotes more PA in mixed-gender schools, - denotes more PA in single-gender schools) |  | 55 |  | + |
– School grade | 80 |  | 51, 118, 167, 189 | ?? |
– Parents’ occupation |  |  | 189 | ? |
– Municipality (+ denotes more PA in an urban place of residence, - denotes more PA in a rural place of residence) |  | 169 | 135 (M, F), 64 | ? |
– Household location within Bangkok |  |  | 178 | ? |
 Biological factors | ||||
– Body weight |  |  | 135 (M, F) | ? |
– Body mass index (BMI) | 97, 178 |  | 33, 51, 135 (M, F), 158 | ?? |
– Parents’ BMI |  |  | 178 | ? |
– Underweight |  |  | 110 | ? |
– Overweight | 110, 157 | 111 (F) | 52, 111 (M), 125 (F) | ? |
– Obesity | 110, 130 (M), 157 |  | 125 (F), 130 (F), 169 | ? |
– Body fat (%) |  | 135 (M) | 135 (F) | ? |
– Height | 135 (M, F) |  | 77 (M, F) | ? |
– Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level |  |  | 158 | ? |
– Systolic blood pressure |  |  | 158 | ? |
– Diastolic blood pressure |  |  | 158 | ? |
– Dietary fat intake |  |  | 158 | ? |
 Physical health |  |  |  |  |
– Asthma | 157 |  |  | - |
– Hypertension | 157 |  |  | - |
 General health |  |  |  |  |
– Self-rated general health |  | 121 (M, F) |  | + |
– Child’s health status as perceived by parents |  |  | 45 | ? |
 Psychological factors | ||||
– Self-efficacy |  | 45, 51, 80, 123 | 167 | ++ |
– Perceived benefits of PA/exercise |  | 51, 80 | 38 (M, F), 167 | ? |
– Perceived barriers for PA/exercise | 38 (F), 51, 80, 123 |  | 38 (M), 167 | -- |
– Attitudes towards PA/exercise |  | 178 | 167 | ? |
– Self-esteem |  |  | 167 | ? |
– Cues to action |  |  | 38 (M, F) | ? |
– Being bullied | 129 (M) |  | 129 (F) | ? |
– Expected outcomes of PA/exercise |  |  | 167 | ? |
– Body dissatisfaction | 55 |  |  | - |
– Enjoyment of PA/exercise |  | 80, 183 | 178 | + |
– Resilience |  | 118 |  | + |
 Physical skills, abilities, and fitness | ||||
– Perceived physical competence |  | 183 |  | + |
 Health behavioural and lifestyle factors | ||||
– Past PA/exercise experience |  | 51, 80 | 167 | + |
– TV viewing | 178 |  |  | - |
Knowledge | Â | Â | Â | Â |
– Knowledge about PA/exercise |  | 167 |  | + |
– Parents’ knowledge about school-aged children’s PA |  |  | 45 | ? |
 Academic/school performance | ||||
– Grade point average | 157 |  |  | - |
Social environment | ||||
 Social and cultural factors | ||||
– Social support |  | 123, 178 | 167 | + |
– Parent/family influences |  | 80, 183 | 178 | + |
– Friendship/companionship influences |  | 80, 122 (M, F), 183 |  | ++ |
– Involvement with friends |  | 122 (M, F) |  | + |
– Ease in making friends |  | 122 (M, F) |  | + |
– Teacher influences |  | 80 |  | + |
– General interpersonal influences |  | 51 |  | + |
– Information support (e.g. social media) |  | 167 |  | + |
Physical environment | ||||
 Environmental factors | ||||
– Environmental support (e.g. situational influences) |  | 51, 80, 178 |  | + |
– Supportive physical environment (e.g. facilities, supplies) |  | 178 | 167 | ? |
– Supportive neighbourhood environment |  | 178 |  | + |