Table 2 Summary of evidence on physical activity (PA) correlates in Thai children and adolescents (6 – 17 years old)
From: Correlates of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in the Thai population: a systematic review
| Correlates | Relationship with PA | Summary Code | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative/Inverse (-) | Positive (+) | Non-significant (?) | ||
| Individual Level | ||||
| Demographic factors | ||||
| – Age | 97, 135 (M, F), 183 | 158 (M, F) | -- | |
| – Sex (+ denotes males are more active, - denotes females are more active) | 51, 55, 97, 111, 118, 122, 126, 135, 158, 167, 178, 183 | 169, 189 | ++ | |
| – Household income | 96, 178 | - | ||
| – School type (+ denotes more PA in mixed-gender schools, - denotes more PA in single-gender schools) | 55 | + | ||
| – School grade | 80 | 51, 118, 167, 189 | ?? | |
| – Parents’ occupation | 189 | ? | ||
| – Municipality (+ denotes more PA in an urban place of residence, - denotes more PA in a rural place of residence) | 169 | 135 (M, F), 64 | ? | |
| – Household location within Bangkok | 178 | ? | ||
| Biological factors | ||||
| – Body weight | 135 (M, F) | ? | ||
| – Body mass index (BMI) | 97, 178 | 33, 51, 135 (M, F), 158 | ?? | |
| – Parents’ BMI | 178 | ? | ||
| – Underweight | 110 | ? | ||
| – Overweight | 110, 157 | 111 (F) | 52, 111 (M), 125 (F) | ? |
| – Obesity | 110, 130 (M), 157 | 125 (F), 130 (F), 169 | ? | |
| – Body fat (%) | 135 (M) | 135 (F) | ? | |
| – Height | 135 (M, F) | 77 (M, F) | ? | |
| – Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level | 158 | ? | ||
| – Systolic blood pressure | 158 | ? | ||
| – Diastolic blood pressure | 158 | ? | ||
| – Dietary fat intake | 158 | ? | ||
| Physical health | ||||
| – Asthma | 157 | - | ||
| – Hypertension | 157 | - | ||
| General health | ||||
| – Self-rated general health | 121 (M, F) | + | ||
| – Child’s health status as perceived by parents | 45 | ? | ||
| Psychological factors | ||||
| – Self-efficacy | 45, 51, 80, 123 | 167 | ++ | |
| – Perceived benefits of PA/exercise | 51, 80 | 38 (M, F), 167 | ? | |
| – Perceived barriers for PA/exercise | 38 (F), 51, 80, 123 | 38 (M), 167 | -- | |
| – Attitudes towards PA/exercise | 178 | 167 | ? | |
| – Self-esteem | 167 | ? | ||
| – Cues to action | 38 (M, F) | ? | ||
| – Being bullied | 129 (M) | 129 (F) | ? | |
| – Expected outcomes of PA/exercise | 167 | ? | ||
| – Body dissatisfaction | 55 | - | ||
| – Enjoyment of PA/exercise | 80, 183 | 178 | + | |
| – Resilience | 118 | + | ||
| Physical skills, abilities, and fitness | ||||
| – Perceived physical competence | 183 | + | ||
| Health behavioural and lifestyle factors | ||||
| – Past PA/exercise experience | 51, 80 | 167 | + | |
| – TV viewing | 178 | - | ||
| Knowledge | ||||
| – Knowledge about PA/exercise | 167 | + | ||
| – Parents’ knowledge about school-aged children’s PA | 45 | ? | ||
| Academic/school performance | ||||
| – Grade point average | 157 | - | ||
| Social environment | ||||
| Social and cultural factors | ||||
| – Social support | 123, 178 | 167 | + | |
| – Parent/family influences | 80, 183 | 178 | + | |
| – Friendship/companionship influences | 80, 122 (M, F), 183 | ++ | ||
| – Involvement with friends | 122 (M, F) | + | ||
| – Ease in making friends | 122 (M, F) | + | ||
| – Teacher influences | 80 | + | ||
| – General interpersonal influences | 51 | + | ||
| – Information support (e.g. social media) | 167 | + | ||
| Physical environment | ||||
| Environmental factors | ||||
| – Environmental support (e.g. situational influences) | 51, 80, 178 | + | ||
| – Supportive physical environment (e.g. facilities, supplies) | 178 | 167 | ? | |
| – Supportive neighbourhood environment | 178 | + | ||