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Table 2 Knowledge level on hand hygiene by gender (n = 815)

From: Epidemiological investigation on hand hygiene knowledge and behaviour: a cross-sectional study on gender disparity

 

Total

(n = 815)

Male

(n = 245)

Female

(n = 570)

Test statistics & p-value

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

 

Which of the following diseases can be transmitted by poor hand hygiene?

1

Diarrheal disease

 True ϕ

739 (90.7)

217 (88.6)

522 (91.6)

0.189★

 False

76 (9.3)

28 (11.4)

48 (8.4)

2

URTI or ILI

 True ϕ

700 (85.9)

205 (83.7)

495 (86.8)

0.272★

 False

115 (14.1)

40 (16.3)

75 (13.2)

3

Hand-foot-mouth

 True ϕ

779 (95.6)

234 (95.5)

545 (95.6)

1.000★

 False

36 (4.4)

11 (4.5)

25 (4.4)

4

HIV

 True

187 (22.9)

45 (18.4)

142 (24.9)

0.046★*

 False ϕ

628 (77.1)

200 (81.6)

428 (75.1)

5

Skin ulcer

 True ϕ

605 (74.2)

185 (75.5)

420 (73.3)

0.601★

 False

210 (25.8)

60 (24.5)

150 (26.3)

6

Eye infections

 True ϕ

785 (96.3)

238 (97.1)

547 (96.0)

0.431★

 False

30 (3.7)

7 (2.9)

23 (4.0)

7

Diabetes

 True

27 (3.3)

2 (0.8)

25 (4.4)

0.009**

 False ϕ

788 (96.7)

243 (99.2)

545 (95.6)

Are the following statements correct?

8

Always keeping your hands clean may lower our body defense mechanism

 True

644 (79.0)

203 (82.9)

441 (77.4)

0.091★

 False ϕ

171 (21.0)

42 (17.1)

129 (22.6)

9

Hands should be held under water while lathering with soap

 True

528 (64.8)

119 (48.6)

168 (29.5)

0.000★***

 False ϕ

287 (35.2)

126 (51.4)

402 (70.5)

10

An alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contain 40% alcohol is sufficient for hands disinfectant

 True

460 (56.4)

132 (53.9)

223 (39.1)

0.000★***

 False ϕ

355 (43.6)

113 (46.1)

347 (60.9)

(Answer should be 60%)

   

11

Rubbing my hands until soap forms a lather for 10 s before rinsing is enough for hand disinfection

 True

350 (42.9)

148 (60.4)

317 (55.6.0)

0.217★

 False ϕ

465 (57.1)

97 (39.6)

253 (44.4)

(Answer should be 20 s)

   

12

Temperature of water makes no difference in terms of the cleansing effect of hand cleaning

 True ϕ

560 (68.7)

159 (64.9)

401 (70.4)

0.138★

 False

255 (31.3)

86 (35.1)

169 (29.6)

Total number of correct: (0 to 12)

9.28 ± 1.75

9.06 ± 1.73

9.38 ± 1.75

0.017â–²*

mean ± standard deviation

   
  1. Ï• correct answer
  2. Fisher’s exact test
  3. ★ Chi-square test
  4. â–² Independent t-test
  5. * Statistically significant at p < 0.05; ** Statistically significant at p < 0.01; *** Statistically significant at p < 0.001