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Table 2 Sample Characteristics by County Disadvantage Level, U.S. National Longitudinal Study of Youth, 1992–2012 (N = 9302)

From: The association of county-level socioeconomic factors with individual tobacco and alcohol use: a longitudinal study of U.S. adults

 

County Not Socioeconomically Disadvantaged

County Socioeconomically Disadvantaged

Test of proportions or t-test (p-value)

Sociodemographic Characteristics

Female (%)

51.2

51.9

<0.01

Education (%)

 Less than high school

14.00

18.8

<0.01

 High school

36.3

40.4

<0.01

 Some college

24.7

25.0

<0.01

 College or more

24.9

15.7

<0.01

Race (%)

 White/other

52.8

41.5

<0.01

 Black

30.9

32.4

<0.01

 Hispanic

16.3

26.1

<0.01

Married (%)

66.5

64.4

<0.01

Children in household (mean (SD))

1.2 (1.2)

1.2 (1.3)

0.20

Annual household income (USD, mean (SD))

59,956 (61,500)

49,119 (53,005)

<0.01

Weeks unemployed in last year (mean (SD))

2.3 (8.2)

3.0 (9.7)

<0.01

Health Behaviors

Tobacco-related outcomes

 Smoker (%)

30.0

30.2

0.16

 Cigarettes per day (mean (SD))

4.2 (8.6)

4.1 (8.7)

<0.01

Alcohol-related outcomes

 Binge drinker (%)

18.4

17.8

<0.01

 Drinks per day (mean (SD))

1.8 (2.3)

1.7 (2.5)

<0.01

  1. Note: Values for sociodemographic characteristics are based on imputed data. Income was inflation-adjusted. For illustrative purposes to summarize sample characteristics, measures of county-level disadvantage (i.e., educational attainment, unemployment, and income) were each standardized with a mean of zero and standard deviation of one, these three values were summed to obtain a composite index, and this index was then split at the median