Table 6 Univariate and multivariate analysis of Wasting (Weight-for-height index)
Variables | Model 0 (n = 2863) | Model 1 (n = 2840) | Model 2 (n = 1810) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
cOR (95% CI) | p-value | aOR (95% CI) | p-value | aOR (95% CI) | p-value | |
Maternal factors | ||||||
Residence | ||||||
Urban | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Rural | 1.13 (0.75–1.72) | 0.54 | 0.70 (0.42–1.14) | 0.15 | 0.85 (0.49–1.46) | 0.55 |
Mother’s educational level | ||||||
Higher | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Secondary | 1.31 (0.56–3.15) | 0.54 | 1.25 (0.52–3.27) | 0.62 | 2.14 (0.87–5.85) | 0.09 |
Primary | 1.55 (0.76–3.25) | 0.23 | 1.55 (0.69–3.44) | 0.28 | 2.41 (0.89–7.15) | 0.07 |
No education | 2.46 (1.15–5.28) | 0.02 | 1.87 (0.82–4.21) | 0.13 | 3.61 (1.33–9.82) | < 0.01 |
Wealth index | ||||||
Richest | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Richer | 0.95 (0.60–1.56) | 0.83 | 0.82 (0.45–1.49) | 0.52 | 0.73 (0.34–1.58) | 0.43 |
Middle | 1.15 (0.70–1.98) | 0.59 | 0.90 (0.44–1.84) | 0.78 | 0.82 (0.35–1.93) | 0.66 |
Poorer | 1.21 (0.69–2.10) | 0.49 | 0.87 (0.39–1.92) | 0.73 | 0.72 (0.27–1.88) | 0.50 |
Poorest | 2.36 (1.40–3.98) | < 0.01 | 1.69 (0.78–3.66) | 0.18 | 1.65 (0.62–4.16) | 0.32 |
Mother’s employment status (n = 3064) | ||||||
Non-working | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Working | 0.94 (0.61–1.50) | 0.81 | 0.66 (0.49–0.99) | 0.04 | 0.72 (0.43–1.23) | 0.24 |
Mother’s age at marriage (years) | ||||||
<18 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
>18 | 0.77 (0.52–1.14) | 0.19 | 1.03 (0.74–1.45) | 0.85 | 0.93 (0.58–1.42) | 0.69 |
Parity | ||||||
1–4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
5+ | 1.07 (0.78–1.45) | 0.68 | 0.96 (0.66–1.41) | 0.85 | 1.10 (0.66–1.83) | 0.67 |
Mother’s access to information | ||||||
No | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Yes | 0.58 (0.40–0.83) | < 0.01 | 0.78 (0.55–1.09) | 0.14 | 0.94 (0.67–1.34) | 0.76 |
Consanguineous marriage | ||||||
No | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Yes | 1.20 (0.84–1.71) | 0.31 | 1.01 (0.71–1.41) | 0.95 | 0.96 (0.65–1.41) | 0.83 |
Mother’s height (cm) | ||||||
Normal (≥ 145 cm) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Short (< 145 cm) | 1.46 (0.74–2.76) | 0.24 | 1.30 (0.68–2.51) | 0.42 | 1.29 (0.54–3.04) | 0.55 |
Mother’s BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
Obese (≥30) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 1.08 (0.50–2.25) | 0.82 | 1.05 (0.48–2.28) | 0.89 | 1.27 (0.51–3.15) | 0.60 |
Normal (18.5–24.9) | 1.85 (0.94–3.64) | 0.07 | 1.61 (0.83–3.11) | 0.15 | 1.77 (0.74–4.06) | 0.19 |
Underweight (<18.5) | 2.85 (1.43–5.68) | < 0.01 | 2.39 (1.17–4.87) | 0.01 | 2.79 (1.15–6.73) | 0.02 |
Child Factors | ||||||
Sex of child | ||||||
Female | 1 | 1 | ||||
Male | 1.15 (0.84–1.56) | 0.38 | 1.25 (0.87–1.79) | 0.21 | ||
Age of Child (months) | ||||||
0 (< 12) | 1 | 1 | ||||
1 (12–23) | 0.85 (0.57–1.25) | 0.41 | 0.82 (0.52–1.30) | 0.41 | ||
2 (24–35) | 0.35 (0.23–0.54) | < 0.01 | 0.26 (0.12–0.59) | < 0.01 | ||
3 (36–47) | 0.46 (0.23–0.98) | 0.04 | 0.50 (0.18–1.41) | 0.19 | ||
4 (48–59) | 0.23 (0.13–0.41) | < 0.01 | 0.25 (0.09–0.74) | 0.01 | ||
Child size at birth | ||||||
Average | 1 | 1 | ||||
Small | 1.35 (0.89–2.03) | 0.14 | 1.24 (0.78–1.96) | 0.36 | ||
Large | 0.66 (0.34–1.32) | 0.25 | 0.78 (0.32–1.89) | 0.59 | ||
Antenatal clinic visits | ||||||
None | 1 | 1 | ||||
1–3 | 0.67 (0.39–1.14) | 0.14 | 0.74 (0.46–1.16) | 0.19 | ||
3+ | 0.60 (0.29–1.17) | 0.13 | 0.92 (0.51–1.67) | 0.80 | ||
Recent diarrheal incidence | ||||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||||
Yes | 1.43 (1.02–1.98) | 0.03 | 1.11 (0.74–1.64) | 0.61 | ||
Breastfeeding status | ||||||
Never breastfed | 1 | 1 | ||||
Ever breastfed | 1.14 (0.36–3.78) | 0.82 | 1.16 (0.32–3.87) | 0.85 | ||
Still breastfeeding | 2.42 (0.77–7.56) | 0.12 | 0.82 (0.24–2.76) | 0.74 | ||