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Table 4 Bivariate and multivariate analyses: Violent and non-violent offenders prior to conscription and causes of death

From: Adolescent criminality: multiple adverse health outcomes and mortality pattern in Swedish men

 

Suicide

Alcohol and drug-related diagnosis

Accident

Circulatory disease

Neoplasm

Other diagnosis

Total death

HR (crude)

HR (crude)

HR (crude)

HR (crude)

HR (crude)

HR (crude)

HR (crude)

Non-violent vs, no crime

2.70, 2.13–3.41

5.94, 4.85–7.28

4.46, 3.60–5.52

2.03, 1.47–2.83

1.29,0.93–1.80

1.50, 1.24–1.82

2.72, 2.43–3.04

Violent vs. no crime

6.84, 4.02–11.63

12.18, 7.49–19.80

4.96, 2.46–9.98

1.50, 0.37–6.01

2.57, 1.07–6.20

2.80, 1.33–5.89

4.69, 3.44–6.38

 

HR adjusteda

HR adjusteda

HR adjusteda

Circulatory disease

Neoplasm

HR adjusteda

HR adjusteda

Non-violent vs, no crime

1.37, 1.03–1.81

1.79, 1.39–2.31

2.32, 1.75–3.07

1.85, 1.29–2.66

1.30, 0.91–1.86

1.55, 1.27–1.89

2,16, 1.93–2.42

Violent vs. no crime

2.14, 1.12–4.11

2.81, 1.66–4.77

2.54, 1.17–5.48

1.78, 0.44–7.13

3.10, 1.29–7.48

2.68, 1.20–5.99

4.29, 3.08–5.96

  1. aAdjusted for medication for own psychiatric problems, intelligence, emotional control, psychiatric diagnosis at conscription, conduct problems at school, previous contacts with police and/or juvenile authorities, problem drinking and substance use