Theoretical determinants Change objectives | Theory-based methods | Practical strategies |
---|---|---|
Knowledge The benefits of strength training Impact of work on musculoskeletal health Physical ergonomic guidelines and ergonomic equipment The benefits of micro-breaks | Personalise risk Modelling Active learning | Mandatory workshops must be introduced on surgical wards to give surgeons knowledge about potential musculoskeletal pain while working as a surgeon, and about the prevention and rehabilitation of musculoskeletal pain |
Skills Perform strength training Prevent negative impacts of work Use ergonomic equipment Perform micro-breaks | Guided practice Active learning | At workshops surgeons learn skills to prevent and rehabilitate musculoskeletal pain |
Attitude Prioritise physical exercise training Acceptance of negative impact of work on musculoskeletal health Positive acceptance of ergonomic equipment Acceptance of usefulness of micro-breaks Articulation and shared understanding of working conditions | Modelling Verbal persuasion | Appointed health ambassadors help produce a positive attitude to health promotion initiatives on local surgical wards |
Social influence Surgeons, management, and the hospital build up a positive and sustainable healthy working environment on surgical wards | Verbal persuasion Modelling | Surgeons and management prioritise and enforce the importance of health promotion initiatives. Ward management initiates upstart meetings with newly appointed surgeons to promote health initiatives. |
Self-efficacy Believe in their ability to organise exercise training Believe that a preventive effort will pay off in the long-term Believes in the preventive effect of ergonomic equipment Believe in the preventive effect of micro-breaks | Modelling Active learning Verbal persuasion | Appointed health ambassadors initiate and maintain health promotion initiatives on local surgical wards. Ward management establish the structures that make it possible for surgeons to perform health promotion activities at work. |
Outcome expectations Strength training leads to a healthier musculoskeletal system Prioritising micro-breaks leads to a healthier musculoskeletal system Using ergonomic equipment leads to a healthier musculoskeletal system Mutual understanding of work-related musculoskeletal pain leads to acceptance and better musculoskeletal health | Modelling Verbal persuasion | At workshops, surgeons receive knowledge about the consequences of suffering from musculoskeletal pain At workshops surgeons get detailed knowledge about benefits from health promotion activities. Health ambassadors support surgeons’ health and initiatives for maintaining good work ability for surgeons. |