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Table 5 Crude and adjusted odds ratios for determinants of childhood PTB in different logistic models for indoor air environment variables

From: Association of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis with exposure to indoor air pollution: a case control study

 

Univariate

Multivariate models

   

Primary cooking fuel

Secondhand smoke

Dampness

PM10

NO2

Variable

OR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

Primary cooking fuel

Clean

ref

ref

    
 

Mix + dirty

2.6 (1.1–6.4)

1.5 (0.5–4.6)

    

#Secondhand smoke

No

ref

 

ref

   
 

Yes

1.7 (0.98–2.8)

 

1.2 (0.6–2.3)

   

Visible dampness

No room

ref

  

ref

  
 

Some rooms

1.8 (1.01–3.1)

  

2.4 (1.1–5.0)

  

PM10 concentrations

Median + below

ref

   

Ref

 
 

Above median

1.4 (0.8–2.3)

   

0.9 (0.5–1.8)

 

NO2 concentrations

Median + below

ref

    

ref

 

Above median

0.7 (0.4–1.2)

    

0.4 (0.2–0.8)

Age

≤2

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

 

> 2–14

0.3 (0.1–0.7)

0.2 (0.1–0.6)

0.2 (0.1–0.6)

0.2 (0.1–0.6)

0.2 (0.1–0.6)

0.2 (0.1–0.5)

Sex

Female

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

 

Male

1.3 (0.8–2.2)

1.2 (0.6–2.3)

1.2 (0.6–2.4)

1.3 (0.7–2.5)

1.2 (0.6–2.4)

1.3 (0.7–2.4)

**HIV + ve status

No

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

 

Yes

22 (7.4–63)

26 (8.4–83)

27 (8.6–84)

32 (9.7–104)

27 (8.7–87)

29 (9.0–93)

Household TB contact

No

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

 

Yes

5.1 (2.9–9.0)

6.2 (3.1–12)

6.3 (3.2–12)

6.2 (3.1–12)

6.5 (3.3–13)

7.8 (3.8–16)

Pseudo R2

  

0.31

032

0.33

0.31

0.33

  1. All multivariate models were adjusted for age and sex. All models included crowding, HIV positive status of the child, presence of household TB contact and caregiver education
  2. #Secondhand smoke assessed as presence of a smoker in the household
  3. **Univariate model for HIV status results was based on those that had tested (n = 143). The missing observations were substituted as negative before inclusion to multivariate models
  4. OR odds ratio
  5. aOR adjusted odds ratio