| PM10 concentrations | Mean NO2 concentrations | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
median (range) (μg/m3) | median (range) (μg/m3) | ||||
cases (n = 107) | controls (n = 127) | cases (n = 107) | controls (n = 127) | ||
Child Characteristics | |||||
Age | |||||
 | > 2 to ≤15 | 41 (21–118)) | 41 (12–119) | 14 (7.0–45) | 17 (9.4–26) |
≤2 | 49 (6.6–173) | 47 (27–223) | 19 (6.0–34) | 16 (4.5–55) | |
Sex | |||||
 | Female | 48 (18–173) | 41 (13–223) | 15 (6.0–32) | 16 (4.5–30) |
Male | 49 (6.6–148) | 41 (12–119) | 15 (8.2–45) | 16 (9.4–55) | |
HIV positive** | |||||
 | No | 43 (6.6–148) | 41 (12–223) | 15 (6.0–45) | 16 (4.5–55) |
Yes | 53 (26–173) | 69 (31–105) | 15 (7.5–34) | 16 (9.4–26) | |
Household TB contact | |||||
 | No | 48 (22–173) | 41.0 (12–136) | 14 (6.0–34) | 15 (4.5–52) |
Yes | 49 (6.6–149) | 55 (35–223) | 15 (7.0–45) | 17 (9.4–55) | |
Maternal Characteristics | |||||
Caregiver education | |||||
 | Post high school | 37 (26–48) | 41 (31–67) | 12 (9.4–17) | 15 (9.4–17.4) |
High school + below | 51 (6.6–172) | 41 (12–223) | 15 (6.0–45) | 16 (4.5–55) | |
Household Characteristics | |||||
Type of housing structure | |||||
 | Formal | 41 (6.6–118) | 41 (12–223) | 15 (6.0–34) | 16 (4.5–55) |
Informal | 76 (26–173) | 76 (58–136) | 22 (7.0–45) | 21 (11–28) | |
Crowding | |||||
 | ≤2 | 41 (18–148) | 41 (12–223) | 14 (6.0–35) | 16 (4.5–52) |
> 2 | 65 (6.6–173) | 76 (27–119) | 17 (7.0–45) | 17 (9.41–55) | |
Primary cooking fuel | |||||
 | Clean | 43 (6.6–146) | 41 (12–223) | 15 (6.0–34) | 16 (4.5–52) |
Mix + Dirty | 88 (52–173) | 108 (53–119) | 21.56 (7.03–44.87) | 23 (20–55) | |
Secondary cooking fuel | |||||
 | None + Clean | 51 (21–173) | 41 (12–223) | 13 (6.0–45) | 15 (9.4–28) |
Mix + Dirty | 46 (6.6–146) | 51 (13–136) | 20 (9.0–35) | 17 (4.5–55) | |
Secondhand smoke | |||||
 | No | 48 (18–148) | 41 (11–136) | 14 (6.0–44 | 16 (4.5–55) |
Yes | 48 (6.6–173) | 64 (24–223) | 16 (7.0–34) | 16 (9.4–29) | |
Presence of opening windows | |||||
 | Some rooms | 43 (6.6–148) | 41 (12–223) | 14.5 (6.0–45) | 16 (4.5–55) |
No room | 72 (37–172) | 76 (27–136) | 21 (8.4–35) | 21 (11–30) | |
Burning of incense | |||||
 | No | 48 (6.6–172) | 41 (12–223) | 18.0 (6.0–45) | 16 (9.9–55) |
Yes | 49 (21–114) | 51 (13–136) | 13 (7.5–29) | 15 (4.5–44) | |
Visible surface water stains/dampness | |||||
 | No room | 41 (18–119) | 41 (13–119) | 15 (6.0–35) | 16 (9.4–44) |
Some rooms | 51 (6.6–173) | 48 (12–223) | 15 (7.0–45) | 16 (4.5–55) |