Skip to main content

Table 4 Average concentrations of pollutants (μg/m3) in households of cases and controls with different characteristics

From: Association of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis with exposure to indoor air pollution: a case control study

 

PM10 concentrations

Mean NO2 concentrations

median (range) (μg/m3)

median (range) (μg/m3)

cases (n = 107)

controls (n = 127)

cases (n = 107)

controls (n = 127)

Child Characteristics

Age

 

> 2 to ≤15

41 (21–118))

41 (12–119)

14 (7.0–45)

17 (9.4–26)

≤2

49 (6.6–173)

47 (27–223)

19 (6.0–34)

16 (4.5–55)

Sex

 

Female

48 (18–173)

41 (13–223)

15 (6.0–32)

16 (4.5–30)

Male

49 (6.6–148)

41 (12–119)

15 (8.2–45)

16 (9.4–55)

HIV positive**

 

No

43 (6.6–148)

41 (12–223)

15 (6.0–45)

16 (4.5–55)

Yes

53 (26–173)

69 (31–105)

15 (7.5–34)

16 (9.4–26)

Household TB contact

 

No

48 (22–173)

41.0 (12–136)

14 (6.0–34)

15 (4.5–52)

Yes

49 (6.6–149)

55 (35–223)

15 (7.0–45)

17 (9.4–55)

Maternal Characteristics

Caregiver education

 

Post high school

37 (26–48)

41 (31–67)

12 (9.4–17)

15 (9.4–17.4)

High school + below

51 (6.6–172)

41 (12–223)

15 (6.0–45)

16 (4.5–55)

Household Characteristics

Type of housing structure

 

Formal

41 (6.6–118)

41 (12–223)

15 (6.0–34)

16 (4.5–55)

Informal

76 (26–173)

76 (58–136)

22 (7.0–45)

21 (11–28)

Crowding

 

≤2

41 (18–148)

41 (12–223)

14 (6.0–35)

16 (4.5–52)

> 2

65 (6.6–173)

76 (27–119)

17 (7.0–45)

17 (9.41–55)

Primary cooking fuel

 

Clean

43 (6.6–146)

41 (12–223)

15 (6.0–34)

16 (4.5–52)

Mix + Dirty

88 (52–173)

108 (53–119)

21.56 (7.03–44.87)

23 (20–55)

Secondary cooking fuel

 

None + Clean

51 (21–173)

41 (12–223)

13 (6.0–45)

15 (9.4–28)

Mix + Dirty

46 (6.6–146)

51 (13–136)

20 (9.0–35)

17 (4.5–55)

Secondhand smoke

 

No

48 (18–148)

41 (11–136)

14 (6.0–44

16 (4.5–55)

Yes

48 (6.6–173)

64 (24–223)

16 (7.0–34)

16 (9.4–29)

Presence of opening windows

 

Some rooms

43 (6.6–148)

41 (12–223)

14.5 (6.0–45)

16 (4.5–55)

No room

72 (37–172)

76 (27–136)

21 (8.4–35)

21 (11–30)

Burning of incense

 

No

48 (6.6–172)

41 (12–223)

18.0 (6.0–45)

16 (9.9–55)

Yes

49 (21–114)

51 (13–136)

13 (7.5–29)

15 (4.5–44)

Visible surface water stains/dampness

 

No room

41 (18–119)

41 (13–119)

15 (6.0–35)

16 (9.4–44)

Some rooms

51 (6.6–173)

48 (12–223)

15 (7.0–45)

16 (4.5–55)

  1. Significantly different concentrations between households with different characteristics for both cases and controls are shown in bold