Table 1 Differences in Participant and Agency Characteristics by Country
From: A cross-country study of mis-implementation in public health practice
| Â | Australia | Brazil | China | United States | Chi-Sq | p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | N = 121 | N = 76 | N = 102 | N = 101 |  |  | ||||
Characteristic | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | Â | Â |
Participant Demographics | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Female | 88.4% | 107 | 65.8% | 50 | 71.7% | 71 | 87.1% | 88 | 32.9 | < 0.0001 |
 Age |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 89.0 | < 0.0001 |
  21–29 | 20.7% | 25 | 8.2% | 6 | 21.6% | 22 | 6.9% | 7 |  |  |
  30–39 | 33.1% | 40 | 38.4% | 28 | 56.9% | 58 | 21,8% | 22 |  |  |
  40–49 | 14.9% | 18 | 31.5% | 23 | 10.8% | 11 | 28.7% | 29 |  |  |
  50–59 | 20.7% | 25 | 21.1% | 16 | 3.9% | 4 | 28.7% | 29 |  |  |
  60+ | 10.7% | 13 | 3.9% | 3 | 0.0% | 0 | 10.9% | 11 |  |  |
  Missing | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 6.7% | 7 | 3.0% | 3 |  |  |
 Education/Credentials |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 92.5 | < 0.0001 |
  Doctorate | 14.2% | 17 | 4.0% | 3 | 0.0% | 0 | 6.9% | 7 |  |  |
  Master’s | 42.5% | 51 | 32.0% | 24 | 23.5% | 24 | 48.5% | 49 |  |  |
  Bachelor’s | 30.0% | 36 | 22.7% | 17 | 68.6% | 70 | 27.8% | 28 |  |  |
  Other | 13.3% | 16 | 41.3% | 31 | 7.8% | 8 | 15.8% | 16 |  |  |
  Missing | 0.8% | 1 | 1.3% | 1 | 0.0% | 0 | 1.0% | 1 |  |  |
Primary Position | ||||||||||
  Physician | 37.2% | 45 | 1.3% | 1 | 2.9% | 3 | 41.6% | 42 | 77.4 | < 0.0001 |
  Community Health Nurse | 3.3% | 4 | 13.2% | 10 | 43.1% | 44 | 7.9% | 8 | 73.8 | < 0.0001 |
  Department Head | 5.0% | 6 | 28.9% | 22 | 5.9% | 6 | 14.9% | 15 | 30.2 | < 0.0001 |
  Nutritionist | 0.8% | 1 | 9.2% | 7 | 40.2% | 41 | 0.0% | 0 | 103.5 | < 0.0001 |
  Statistician | 15.7% | 19 | 26.3% | 20 | 3.9% | 4 | 1.0% | 1 | 36.5 | < 0.0001 |
  Health Educator | 13.2% | 16 | 2.6% | 2 | 2.0% | 2 | 18.8% | 19 | 22.5 | < 0.0001 |
  Division of Bureau Head/Deputy Director | 0.0% | 0 | 11.8% | 9 | 0.0% | 0 | 10.9% | 11 | 26.6 | < 0.0001 |
  Program Manager/Administrator/Coordinator | 9.1% | 11 | 1.3% | 1 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 22.4 | < 0.0001 |
  Academic Research | 9.1% | 11 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 26.1 | < 0.0001 |
  Other | 1.6% | 2 | 5.2% | 4 | 2.0% | 2 | 2.1% | 3 | 6.9 | < 0.0001 |
  Missing | 5.0% | 6 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 2.0% | 2 | 4.2 | < 0.0001 |
Agency Features | ||||||||||
 Number of Employees |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 83.8 | < 0.0001 |
  0–100 | 37.7% | 43 | 38.0% | 27 | 9.8% | 10 | 56.4% | 57 |  |  |
  101–400 | 20.2% | 23 | 28.2% | 20 | 64.7% | 66 | 24.8% | 25 |  |  |
  > 400 | 42.1% | 48 | 33.8% | 24 | 21.6% | 22 | 17.8% | 18 |  |  |
  Missing | 5.8% | 7 | 6.7% | 5 | 3.9% | 4 | 1.0% | 1 |  |  |
 Size of Population Served |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 127.0 | < 0.0001 |
  0–49,999 | 28.3% | 30 | 29.4% | 20 | 0.0% | 0 | 23.8% | 24 |  |  |
  50,000-99,999 | 10.4% | 11 | 10.3% | 7 | 0.0% | 0 | 24.8% | 25 |  |  |
  100,000-399,999 | 20.8% | 22 | 27.9% | 19 | 81.4% | 83 | 25.8% | 26 |  |  |
  > 400,000 | 40.6% | 43 | 32.4% | 22 | 18.6% | 19 | 23.8% | 24 |  |  |
  Missing | 12.3% | 15 | 10.5% | 8 | 0.0% | 0 | 2.0% | 2 |  |  |