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Table 3 Complex Samples: Bivariate Analysis Last Dental Visit by Study Covariates 2016 BRFSS Data

From: Dental care utilization: examining the associations between health services deficits and not having a dental visit in past 12 months

Variable Category

Covariates and Factors

Last Dentist Visit

p-value*

Longer Than 12 Months Ago

Within Last 12 Months

Demographic Variables

Sex

Male

46,602,666 / 52.7%

76,940,221 / 46.5%

.000

Female

41,854,895 / 47.3%

88,495,464 / 53.5%

Age Ranges

18–44 Years

42,687,478 / 48.2%

75,122,926 / 45.4%

.000

45–64 Years

28,494,110 / 32.2%

56,817,450 / 34.3%

65 Years And Older

17,291,479 / 19.5%

33,508,777 / 20.3%

Marital Status

Married

37,154,844 / 42.3%

90,321,846 / 55.0%

.000

Not Married

45,303,410 / 51.5%

67,051,356 / 40.8%

Partner In An Unmarried Coupled

5,450,378 / 6.2%

6,851,984 / 4.2%

Geographic Locale

Metropolitan

18,962,965 / 77.1%

45,517,333 / 83.4%

.000

Rural

5,625,139 / 22.9%

9,036,397 / 16.6%

Race and Ethnicity

White Non-Hispanic

49,433,721 / 57.0%

107,745,288 / 66.3%

.000

Black Non-Hispanic

12,121,155 / 14.0%

17,291,109 / 10.6%

Other Non-Hispanic

6,872,299 / 7.9%

13,582,687 / 8.4%

Hispanic

18,224,520 / 21.0%

23,895,023 / 14.7%

Veteran Status

Veteran

8,762,047 / 9.9%

18,220,075 / 11.0%

.000

Not A Veteran

79,426,563 / 90.1%

146,770,809 / 89.0%

Socio-economic Variables

Education Attained

Less Than HS

19,851,625 / 22.6%

15,425,520 / 9.4%

.000

HS Graduate

54,196,392 / 61.6%

95,552,211 / 58.0%

University Graduate

13,978,080 / 15.9%

53,802,139 / 32.7%

Employment Status

Employed

46,559,563 / 52.6%

96,839,752 / 58.5%

.000

Not Employed

6,439,077 / 7.3%

7,109,706 / 4.3%

Not Working By Choice Or Unable To Work

35,449,462 / 40.1%

61,454,059 / 37.2%

Annual Household Income

Less Than $50,000

50,843,550 / 69.7%

59,608,418 / 43.1%

.000

$50,000 And More

22,098,057 / 30.3%

78,628,095 / 56.9%

Health Services Variables

Health Insurance Status

Have Health Insurance

70,404,914 / 80.1%

152,925,843 / 92.9%

.000

Do Not Have Health Insurance

17,458,226 / 19.9%

11,647,884 / 7.1%

Personal HCP

Have HCP

59,975,447 / 67.9%

137,436,415 / 83.2%

.000

Do Not Have HCP

28,336,795 / 32.1%

27,810,053 / 16.8%

Delayed Care Because Of Cost

Care Delayed

18,110,419 / 20.6%

14,939,460 / 9.0%

.000

Care Not Delayed

70,017,530 / 79.4%

150,164,890 / 91.0%

Last Medical Checkup

Within Last 12 Months

52,110,157 / 59.0%

126,703,017 / 76.7%

.000

Longer Than 12 Months Ago

36,246,201 / 41.0%

38,568,615 / 23.3%

Health Specific Variables

Number Permanent Teeth Removed

No Teeth

42,866,454 / 49.5%

96,478,778 / 59.2%

.000

1 To 5 Teeth

23,915,004 / 27.6%

48,736,369 / 29.9%

6 Or More, But Not All Teeth

10,663,744 / 12.3%

14,325,222 / 8.8%

All Teeth

9,108,344 / 10.5%

3,301,783 / 2.0%

Self-Defined Health Status

Good To Excellent Health

64,961,197 / 73.7%

142,814,027 / 86.5%

.000

Fair To Poor Health

23,137,576 / 26.3%

22,321,669 / 13.5%

Smoking Status

Non-Smoker

63,410,623 / 75.8%

138,254,361 / 87.9%

.000

Current Smoker

20,248,194 / 24.2%

19,040,890 / 12.1%

Access To Dental Care Variable

Dentists Per 100,000 Population Tertile Ranges

40.93–57.23 Per 100,000

47,857,926 / 54.7%

77,433,898 / 47.4%

.000

57.24–73.54 Per 100,000

19,880,342 / 22.7%

42,160,943 / 25.8%

73.55–89.85 Per 100,000

19,771,381 / 22.6%

43,828,997 / 26.8%

  1. *Significance is based on the adjusted F and its degrees of freedom