Table 1 Sample characteristics by HIV status (N = 1519)
Group | Variable | Total N (%) or mean (SD) | Adolescent living with HIV N (%) or mean (SD) | Community controls N (%) or mean (SD) | Chi2/ F p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographic characteristics | Age (years) | 14.1 (2.9) | 13.8 (2.8) | 14.6 (3.0) | <.001 |
Gender (female) | 863 (56.8%) | 576 (54.8%) | 287 (61.2%) | .021 | |
Rural residence | 353 (23.3%) | 237 (22.7%) | 116 (24.7%) | .387 | |
Informal housing | 271 (17.9%) | 198 (18.9%) | 73 (15.6%) | .120 | |
Poverty | 1007 (66.3%) | 708 (67.4%) | 299 (63.9%) | .178 | |
Migration | 1.96 (1.3) | 1.96 (1.3) | 1.99 (1.3) | .672 | |
Maternal orphan | 562 (37.0%) | 460 (43.8%) | 102 (21.7%) | <.001 | |
Paternal orphan | 424 (27.9%) | 318 (30.3%) | 106 (22.6%) | .002 | |
Health experiences | Chronic illness | 288 (19.0%) | 246 (23.4%) | 42 (9.0%) | <.001 |
Missing school to attend clinic | 210 (13.8%) | 195 (18.6%) | 15 (3.2%) | <.001 | |
Cognitive difficulties | 541 (35.6%) | 422 (40.2%) | 119 (25.4%) | <.001 | |
Mental health challenges | 710 (46.7%) | 522 (49.7%) | 188 (40.2%) | .001 | |
Externalising issues | 814 (53.6%) | 561 (53.4%) | 253 (54.1%) | .820 | |
Educational experiences | School enrolment | 1429 (94.1%) | 986 (93.9%) | 443 (94.7%) | .564 |
Fee-free school | 450 (29.6%) | 303 (28.9%) | 147 (31.4%) | .314 | |
School feeding schemes | 1396 (91.9%) | 976 (93.0%) | 420 (89.7%) | .034 | |
Absenteeism | 180 (11.8%) | 136 (13.0%) | 44 (9.4%) | .048 | |
Educational delay | 837 (55.1%) | 605 (57.6%) | 232 (49.6%) | .004 |