Table 3 Factors associated with asthma
Factors | With asthma | Without Asthma | Crude estimates | Adjusted estimates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | |
History of /passive smoking | ||||||
 Yes | 46 (14.24) | 196 (6.34) | 2.80 (1.89–4.14) | <0.001 | 3.26 (1.96–5.41) | <0.001 |
 No | 277 (85.76) | 2896 (93.66) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
Family history of asthmaΦ | ||||||
 Yes | 87 (26.93) | 290 (9.39) | 3.57 (2.68–4.76) | <0.001 | 2.90 (1.98–4.22) | <0.001 |
 No | 236 (73.07) | 2800 (90.61) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
Nasal congestion in the past 12 months | ||||||
 Yes | 130 (40.25) | 408 (13.20) | 5.06 (3.79–6.75) | <0.001 | 3.56 (2.51–5.06) | <0.001 |
 No | 193 (59.75) | 2684 (86.80) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
Cough | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Yes | 167 (51.70) | 544 (17.60) | 6.48 (4.76–8.82) | <0.001 | 2.41 (1.66–3.50) | <0.001 |
 No | 156 (48.30) | 2547 (82.40) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
Shortness of breath | ||||||
 Yes | 130 (40.25) | 179 (5.79) | 14.24 (9.90–20.50) |  | 6.84 (4.57–10.23) | <0.001 |
 No | 193 (59.75) | 2911 (94.21) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
Chest pain | ||||||
 Yes | 183 (56.66) | 690 (22.32) | 5.35 (4.04–7.08) | <0.001 | 3.00 (2.15–4.19) | <0.001 |
 No | 140 (43.34) | 2402 (77.68) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
Sputum production | ||||||
 Yes | 92 (28.48) | 165 (5.33) | 9.01 (6.22–13.07) | <0.001 | 1.83 (1.16–2.89) | 0.009 |
 No | 231 (71.52) | 2928 (94.67) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
Exposure to bio-mass†| ||||||
 Yes | 90 (27.95) | 608 (19.66) | 1.60 (1.20–2.14) | 0.001 | 2.04 (1.29–3.21) | 0.002 |
 No | 232 (72.05) | 2485 (80.34) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
Residence | ||||||
 Urban | 96 (29.72) | 683 (22.08) | 1.48 (1.11–1.97) | 0.007 | 2.01 (1.23–3.27) | 0.005 |
 Rural | 227 (70.28) | 2410 (77.92) |  |  | 1 |  |
Sex: | ||||||
 Female | 209 (64.71) | 1880 (60.78) | 1.17 (0.91–1.50) | 0.227 | 1.25 (0.89–1.74) | 0.195 |
 Male | 114 (35.29) | 1213 (39.22) | 1 |  | 1 |  |