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Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the sample stratified by site

From: Association between breakfast frequency and physical activity and sedentary time: a cross-sectional study in children from 12 countries

Country (site)

n (% female)

Age (y)

BMI z-score

Highest level of parental education (%)a

3-category breakfast definition (%)a

2-category breakfast definition (%)a

Time spent in each PA intensity (min/day)

High

Medium

Low

Rare

Occasional

Frequent

<Daily

Daily

Sedentary

Light

Moderate

Vigorous

MVPA

Australia (Adelaide)

477 (54)

10.3 (0.5)

0.59 (1.12)

11.3

46.8

41.9

6.1

12.6

81.3

26.0

74.0

477 (60)

310 (48)

43 (13)

23 (12)

65 (23)

Brazil (Sao Paulo)

448 (51)

10.0 (0.5)

0.88 (1.43)

23.9

53.8

22.3

16.1

24.1

59.8

50.5

49.6

501 (68)

338 (53)

42 (17)

18 (11)

59 (26)

Canada (Ottawa)

516 (59)

10.0 (0.4)

0.41 (1.20)

1.9

26.4

71.7

3.1

10.1

86.8

21.5

78.5

512 (63)

304 (45)

42 (12)

17 (9)

59 (19)

China (Tianjin)

495 (48)

9.4 (0.5)

0.72 (1.53)

33.3

44.9

21.8

4.0

13.5

82.4

28.3

71.7

565 (68)

293 (54)

33 (11)

13 (7)

45 (16)

Colombia (Bogotá)

855 (51)

10.0 (0.6)

0.20 (1.04)

30.6

51.4

18.0

1.6

2.6

95.8

5.6

94.4

500 (67)

333 (49)

50 (17)

18 (10)

68 (25)

Finland (Helsinki, Espoo and Vantaa)

470 (54)

10.0 (0.4)

0.26 (1.05)

2.8

55.1

42.1

1.5

10.4

88.1

18.7

81.3

529 (67)

293 (44)

48 (15)

23 (14)

71 (26)

India (Bangalore)

546 (54)

10.0 (0.6)

0.22 (1.37)

5.1

21.8

73.1

14.5

15.9

69.6

37.9

62.1

517 (66)

340 (51)

36 (14)

13 (8)

49 (21)

Kenya (Nairobi)

501 (54)

9.8 (0.7)

0.01 (1.22)

14.4

45.9

39.7

4.2

17.0

78.8

27.2

72.9

495 (66)

330 (52)

49 (20)

23 (14)

72 (31)

Portugal (Porto)

619 (57)

10.0 (0.3)

0.86 (1.15)

45.2

33.9

20.8

2.4

3.6

94.0

14.2

85.8

553 (61)

302 (50)

39 (13)

17 (10)

56 (22)

South Africa (Cape Town)

398 (60)

9.8 (0.7)

0.33 (1.29)

47.0

38.9

14.1

11.8

22.6

65.6

49.5

50.5

489 (66)

322 (53)

46 (17)

18 (10)

64 (25)

U.K. (Bath and North East Somerset)

429 (56)

10.4 (0.5)

0.39 (1.09)

3.0

50.4

46.6

5.1

14.0

80.9

28.7

71.3

495 (59)

286 (46)

43 (13)

21 (12)

64 (22)

U.S. (Baton Rouge)

474 (59)

9.5 (0.6)

0.72 (1.28)

6.1

41.8

52.1

9.9

17.3

72.8

41.8

58.2

521 (61)

314 (51)

35 (11)

15 (9)

50 (19)

All sites

6228 (55)

9.9 (0.6)

0.45 (1.26)

19.6

42.5

37.9

6.3

12.6

81.2

27.1

72.9

513 (69)

315 (53)

43 (16)

18 (11)

60 (25)

  1. Values are mean (SD) unless stated otherwise. Abbreviations: BMI Body Mass Index, PA physical activity; MVPA moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, U.K. United Kingdom, U.S. United States
  2. aValues are frequencies (%) for categorical variables