Characteristics | Full logistic regression model | Final logistic regression modela | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | |
Individual-level factors | ||||
Child sex | ||||
Females | Ref | Ref | ||
Males | 1.61 (1.30–1.99) | < 0.01 | 1.51 (1.25–1.82) | < 0.01 |
Child’s age group | ||||
< 6 months | Ref | Ref | ||
6–23 months | 4.43 (2.74–7.16) | < 0.01 | 4.91 (3.16–7.62) | < 0.01 |
24–59 months | 5.40 (3.33–8.76) | < 0.01 | 6.34 (4.07–9.89) | < 0.01 |
Child parity - First child | ||||
Yes | Ref | |||
No | 1.07 (0.83–1.38) | 0.62 | ||
Child weight at birth | ||||
> 2.5 Kg | Ref | Ref | ||
< 2.5 Kg | 2.00 (1.24–3.23) | 0.01 | 2.12 (1.39–3.23) | < 0.01 |
History of diarrhea in two weeks prior to the survey | ||||
No | Ref | |||
Yes | 1.14 (0.85–1.52) | 0.38 | ||
Maternal/household factors | ||||
Mother height (cm) | ||||
≥145 cm | Ref | Ref | ||
< 145 cm | 2.81 (1.56–5.08) | < 0.01 | 3.27 (1.89–5.64) | < 0.01 |
Mother’s highest educational level | ||||
Secondary or higher | Ref | Ref | ||
Primary | 1.49 (1.03–2.15) | 0.04 | 1.71 (1.25–2.34) | < 0.01 |
No education | 1.83 (1.18–2.85) | 0.01 | 2.00 (1.37–2.92) | < 0.01 |
Intake of parasite drugs for mothers during pregnancy | ||||
Yes | Ref | Ref | ||
No | 1.31 (1.06–1.61) | 0.01 | 1.29 (1.09–1.53) | < 0.01 |
Duration of intake of daily iron tablets or syrup by mothers during pregnancy | ||||
≥30 days | Ref | |||
0–29 days | 1.17 (0.93–1.46) | 0.17 | ||
Breastfeeding within the first hour after birth | ||||
Yes | Ref | |||
No | 1.27 (0.96–1.67) | 0.09 | ||
Household wealth index | ||||
High (rich) | Ref | Ref | ||
Middle | 1.36 (1.00–1.85) | 0.05 | 1.45 (1.12–1.86) | < 0.01 |
Low (poor) | 1.98 (1.49–2.63) | < 0.01 | 1.82 (1.45–2.29) | < 0.01 |
Household size (number of household members) | ||||
5 people or less | Ref | |||
> 5 | 1.01 (0.82–1.25) | 0.78 | ||
Access to improved water at household | ||||
Yes | Ref | |||
No | 1.19 (0.94–1.51) | 0.15 | ||
Toilet (Sanitation facility) | ||||
Improved | Ref | |||
Not improved | 0.91 (0.72–1.15) | 0.44 | ||
Community level characteristics | ||||
Province of residence | ||||
Kigali City | Ref | Ref | ||
South | 1.27 (0.79–2.04) | 0.32 | 1.26 (0.84–1.90) | 0.26 |
West | 1.24 (0.75–2.04) | 0.39 | 1.34 (0.88–2.05) | 0.17 |
North | 1.15 (0.69–1.91) | 0.59 | 1.11 (0.72–1.73) | 0.49 |
East | 1.04 (0.66–1.64) | 0.86 | 1.14 (0.79–1.64) | 0.69 |
Household location - Altitude | ||||
Lowland (< 1641.5 m) | Ref | Ref | ||
Highland (≥1641.5 m) | 1.22 (0.92–1.63) | 0.17 | 1.29 (0.99–1.67) | 0.05 |
Household type of residence | ||||
Urban | Ref | |||
Rural | 1.18 (0.86–1.62) | 0.29 |