Patterns and trends of alcohol consumption in rural and urban areas of China: findings from the China Kadoorie Biobank

Table 3 Changes in drinking status by socio-demographic characteristics and health factors among men from baseline to resurvey

Characteristics*	N	Non-drinkers (abstainers, ex-weekly drinkers) at baseline^{^}		Drinkers (reduced-intake, occasional and weekly drinkers) at baseline^#
Characteristics*	N	Stable non-drinker %	Starter %	Stable drinker %	Stopper %	Decreased-intake drinker %	Increased-intake drinker %
All men	9569	18.3	4.2	40.0	22.9	8.2	6.3
Socio-demographic characteristics
Birth cohorts
< 1940	1106	33.0	4.3	24.0	30.6	3.9	4.3
1940–1949	2311	23.1	4.3	32.4	28.3	6.9	5.2
1950–1959	3149	16.3	3.8	43.7	22.1	8.2	6.0
1960–1969	2632	11.3	4.6	47.3	18.1	10.7	8.0
≥ 1970	371	8.3	3.7	50.3	16.0	11.7	10.0
Area
Rural	5433	21.9	4.3	36.3	24.5	6.9	6.1
Urban	4136	13.6	4.1	44.8	20.9	10.0	6.6
Highest education
Primary or below	4076	20.1	4.2	36.9	24.1	8.6	6.1
Middle or above	5493	16.7	3.9	42.1	22.5	8.4	6.4
Household income (yuan/year)
< 35,000	3573	21.5	3.9	37.0	23.9	6.8	7.0
35,000+	5996	16.8	4.4	40.8	22.9	8.9	6.2
Health factors
Self-reported health status^a
Good	4498	16.7	4.4	43.2	20.0	8.4	7.3
Poor	5071	19.9	4.0	37.0	25.6	8.1	5.4
Prior disease^b
No	6533	17.0	3.9	42.6	21.3	8.5	6.7
Yes	3036	21.4	5.1	34.3	26.4	7.6	5.1
Risk factor index score^c
0	469	18.1	5.4	36.7	25.5	7.9	6.3
1	1962	18.3	4.6	36.8	24.9	9.6	5.8
2	3559	18.4	4.7	40.1	23.0	7.4	6.4
3+	3579	17.4	3.5	43.1	21.1	8.2	6.7

Prevalence at subgroup levels is adjusted for age and regions as appropriate
*Except for age and regions, characteristics were based on the characteristics of the participants collected at the resurvey
^{^}Among baseline non-drinkers, associations between change in drinking status and factors were tested by logistic regression adjusting for age and region: p < 0.001 for trend across birth cohorts and p < 0.02 for heterogeneity across regions, income and self-reported health
^#Among baseline drinkers, associations between change in drinking status and factors were tested by multinomial logistic regression adjusting for age and region: p < 0.02 across all variables except education
^aPoor self-reported health status include those who reported fair or poor self-rated health; Good self-reported health status include those who reported good or excellent self-rated health
^bDiagnosed with one or more of: coronary heart disease, stroke, transient ischaemic attack, diabetes, cancer, tuberculosis, chronic hepatitis/cirrhosis, rheumatoid arthritis, peptic ulcer, chronic respiratory disease, gallstone/gallbladder disease, kidney disease
^cDerived by summing the individual scores of each of the four risk factors (0 if no, 1 if yes): regular smoking, lack of daily fruit intake, hypertension, low physical activity