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Table 1 Blood lead levels of children and the social-demographic characteristics

From: Environmental injustice and childhood lead exposure in peri-urban (ger) areas of Darkhan and Erdenet, Mongolia

Characteristics

N

Mean

(SD, 95% CI)

Median

(min. max)

P-value

% children with BLL ≥5 μg/dL

Total

 

338

3.85

(2.58, 3.6 4.16)

3.6

(<LOD,17.2)a

 

27.8 (94)

Gender

Boys

165

4.47

(2.99, 4.02 4.94)

4.1

(<LOD, 17.2)

0.001

35.7 (60)

Girls

173

3.25

(1.94, 2.98 3.63)

3.3

(<LOD, 13.8)

20.0 (34)

Age(years)

4

93

3.73

(2.61, 3.22 4.29)

3.3

(<LOD, 17.2)

0.725

25.8 (24)

5

84

3.96

(2.39, 3.49 4.68)

3.8

(<LOD, 16.4)

28.6 (24)

6

72

4.03

(2.92, 3.34 4.71)

3.5

(<LOD,14.5)

27.8 (20)

7

89

3.71

(2.43, 3.19 4.22)

3.3

(<LOD,13.8)

29.2 (26)

City

Darkhan

167

3.41

(2.15, 3.12 3.84)

3.3

(<LOD, 13.8)

0.032

22.2 (37)

Erdenet

171

4.27

(2.88, 3.84 4.71)

3.8

(<LOD,17.2)

33.3 (57)

House type

Apartment

121

3.23 (2.36)

1.65

(<LOD,17.2)

0.0008

19.5 (23)

Ger (tent)

217

4.18 (2.76)

3.9

(<LOD,16.4)

32.3 (71)

Parental education level

Primary

11

6.14

(2.44, 4.5 7.78)

5.7

(<LOD, 11.8)

< 0.0001

18.2 (2)

Middle school

59

4.92

(3.72, 3.95 5.89)

4.0

(<LOD, 16.4)

36.2 (21)

High school

106

3.97

(2.46, 3.50 4.45)

3.7

(<LOD, 13.8)

27.4 (29)

College

30

3.5

(1.77, 2.83 4.16)

3.4

(<LOD, 7.0)

30.0 (9)

Bachelor degree

129

3.24

(2.18, 2.86 3.62)

1.65

(<LOD,17.2)

20.0 (26)

Parents have a paying job

Yes

159

3.38

(2.12, 3.05 3.72)

3.3

(<LOD, 17.2)

0.0004

22.6 (36)

No

174

4.40

(2.66, 3.95 4.85)

4.0 (16.4)

33.3 (58)

  1. a: LOD is limit of detection