Skip to main content

Table 4 Intentional and unintentional drowning by season, day of death, day of week and country of birth, Australia 2006–2014

From: Pattern of intentional drowning mortality: a total population retrospective cohort study in Australia, 2006–2014

 

Intentional drowning

Unintentional drowning

Intentional drowning versus unintentional drowning

Total cases (N = 450)

Annual mortality rate per 100,000

Relative Risk (CI)

Total cases (N = 1765)

Annual mortality rate per 100,000

Relative Risk (CI)

χ2 (p-value)

Season

 Summer

139

0.28

1.5 (1.1–1.9)

692

1.42

1.6 (1.5–1.9)

10.6 (p = 0.001)a

 Autumn

95

0.19

1*

422

0.85

1*

1.6 (p = 0.236)

 Winter

102

0.20

1.1 (0.8–1.4)

252

0.50

0.6 (0.5–0.7)

18.8 (p < 0.001)a

 Spring

114

0.23

1.2 (0.9–1.6)

399

0.81

1.0 (0.8–1.1)

1.5 (p = 0.234)

Day of death

 Sunday

63

0.03

1.4 (0.9–2.0)

294

0.15

0.9 (0.8–1.1)

1.9 (p = 0.196)

 Monday

75

0.04

1.6 (1.1–2.4)

211

0.11

0.7 (0.6–0.8)

7.1 (p = 0.009)

 Tuesday

65

0.03

1.4 (1.0–2.1)

257

0.13

0.8 (0.7–0.9)

0.0 (p = 1.000)

 Wednesday

76

0.04

1.7 (1.2–2.4)

229

0.12

0.7 (0.6–0.8)

4.6 (p = 0.038)

 Thursday

65

0.03

1.4 (1.0–2.1)

236

0.12

0.7 (0.62–0.9)

0.4 (p = 0.539)

 Friday

60

0.03

1.3 (0.9–1.9)

214

0.11

0.7 (0.6–0.8)

0.5 (p = 0.472)

 Saturday

46

0.02

1*

324

0.16

1*

17.5 (p < 0.001)b

Day of week

 Weekend

109

0.19

1*

618

3.82

1*

18.9 (p < 0.001)c

 Weekday

341

0.24

3.1 (2.5–3.9)

1147

1.14

1.9 (1.7–2.1)

 

Country of birth

 Australia

261

0.18

1*

1070

0.18

1*

1.1 (p = 0.332)

 Overseas

189

0.36

2.0 (1.7–2.4)

695

0.36

1.8 (1.6–2.0)

 
  1. Data Source: ABS Cause of Death Unit Record File 2006–2014
  2. *Where RR was calculated, the group with the lowest rate was used as the reference point
  3. aA modified Bonferroni test has been applied, and statistical significance is deemed at p < 0.013
  4. bA modified Bonferroni test has been applied, and statistical significance is deemed at p < 0.007
  5. cStatistical significance is deemed at p < 0.05