Levels and predictors of participation in integrated treatment programs for pregnant and parenting women with problematic substance use

Table 1 Characteristics of women attending integrated programs in Ontario (2008–09 to 2014–15)^a

Characteristics	N	%
Education:
Less than high school	2332	45.2
High school or more	2677	51.9
Missing	153	2.9
Receiving social assistance:
No	1645	31.9
Yes	3296	63.9
Missing	221	4.2
Employment status:
Not employed	4331	83.9
Employed full or part time	732	14.2
Missing	99	1.9
Marital status:
Married or partnered	1622	31.4
Not married	3491	67.6
Missing	50	1.0
Pregnant at admission:
No, possibly, or unknown	4168	80.7
Yes	974	18.9
Missing	20	0.4
Problem substance(s): ^b
Alcohol	2259	43.8
Stimulants ^c	2124	41.2
Cannabis	1980	38.4
Opioids ^d	1617	31.3
Past-year injection drug use:
No	4591	88.9
Yes	551	10.7
Missing	20	0.4
Maximum frequency of substance use, past 30 days:
Binge use	148	2.9
3 times per week to daily	2164	50.6
Up to 2 times per week	857	16.6
No use	1466	28.4
Missing	77	1.5
Legal system involvement:
No	3798	73.6
Yes	1247	24.2
Missing	117	2.2
Treatment mandate:
None	3233	62.6
Legal system	221	4.3
Child protection services	1444	28.0
Employer or school	143	2.8
Missing	121	2.3

^aFirst admission to treatment during the study period; all characteristics self-reported by clients at admission. N = 5162 clients
^bClients selected problem substances; categories are not mutually exclusive (percentages do not sum to 100%)
^cIncludes powder cocaine, crack, other amphetamines including methamphetamine
^dIncludes prescription opioids, heroin, opium, and over-the-counter codeine