Table 4 Associations of total and device-specific screen viewing (hours per day) with sleep duration (hours per day) stratified by age group
From: Screen viewing behavior and sleep duration among children aged 2 and below
|  | β (95%CI) | P value c | β (95% CI) | P for trend d | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Up to 6 months | |||||||
 SV | 0 h (n = 230) | < 1 h (n = 43) | 1–2 h (n = 23) | ≥ 2 h (n = 25) |  | Per Hour |  |
  Model 1a | Ref | −1.75 (− 2.99,-0.51) | −2.26 (− 3.89,-0.63) | −3.26 (− 4.83,-1.69) | < 0.01 | − 0.82 (− 1.19,-0.44) | < 0.01 |
  Model 2b | Ref | − 1.59 (− 2.84,-0.34) | −2.07 (− 3.74,-0.40) | −2.88 (− 4.50,-1.26) | < 0.01 | − 0.73 (− 1.12,-0.34) | < 0.01 |
 TV | 0 h (n = 245) | < 1 h (n = 41) | 1–2 h (n = 16) | ≥ 2 h (n = 19) |  | Per Hour |  |
  Model 1 | Ref | −2.01 (−3.28,-0.74) | − 2.05 (− 3.99,-0.11) | −2.74 (− 4.54,-0.95) | < 0.01 | − 1.03 (− 1.59,-0.46) | < 0.01 |
  Model 2 | Ref | −1.76 (− 3.05,-0.48) | −2.02 (− 4.01,-0.04) | −2.47 (− 4.29,-0.65) | < 0.01 | −0.85 (− 1.43,-0.27) | < 0.01 |
 Mobile devices | 0 h (n = 279) | < 1 h (n = 29) | 1–2 h (n = 7) | ≥ 2 h (n = 6) |  | Per Hour |  |
  Model 1 | Ref | −1.63 (−3.11,-0.15) | −3.80 (− 6.71,-0.89) | − 2.79 (− 5.93,0.35) | < 0.01 | −0.81 (− 1.39,-0.23) | 0.01 |
  Model 2 | Ref | −1.37 (−2.88,0.14) | −3.21 (− 6.15,-0.27) | − 2.62 (− 5.85,0.61) | 0.03 | − 0.73 (− 1.33,-0.14) | 0.02 |
7–24 months | |||||||
 SV | 0 h (n = 105) | < 1 h (n = 104) | 1–2 h (n = 93) | ≥ 2 h (n = 91) |  | Per Hour |  |
  Model 1 | Ref | −0.35 (− 0.93,0.23) | −0.88 (− 1.48,-0.28) | − 1.12 (− 1.72,-0.52) | < 0.01 | −0.17 (− 0.28,-0.06) | < 0.01 |
  Model 2 | Ref | −0.29 (− 0.87,0.29) | −0.84 (− 1.45,-0.23) | −0.91 (− 1.54,-0.28) | 0.01 | − 0.13 (− 0.24,-0.01) | 0.03 |
 TV | 0 h (n = 153) | < 1 h (n = 117) | 1–2 h (n = 61) | ≥ 2 h (n = 62) |  | Per Hour |  |
  Model 1 | Ref | −0.16 (− 0.68,0.36) | −0.77 (− 1.41,-0.13) | −0.86 (− 1.50,-0.23) | 0.01 | − 0.17 (− 0.34,0.01) | 0.06 |
  Model 2 | Ref | − 0.08 (− 0.60,0.43) | −0.68 (− 1.33,-0.02) | −0.61 (− 1.26,0.05) | 0.1 | −0.09 (− 0.27,-0.08) | 0.29 |
 Mobile devices | 0 h (n = 220) | < 1 h (n = 112) | 1–2 h (n = 40) | ≥ 2 h (n = 21) |  | Per Hour |  |
  Model 1 | Ref | −0.62 (− 1.12,-0.13) | − 0.68 (− 1.41,-0.05) | −0.66 (− 1.62,0.31) | 0.04 | −0.23 (− 0.45,-0.02) | 0.04 |
  Model 2 | Ref | −0.62 (− 1.11,-0.13) | −0.54 (− 1.28,0.19) | −0.45 (− 1.43,0.53) | 0.07 | − 0.17 (− 0.40,-0.05) | 0.12 |