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Table 3 Associations of total and device-specific screen viewing (hours per day) with sleep duration (hours per day) among all participants

From: Screen viewing behavior and sleep duration among children aged 2 and below

All participants

(n = 714)

β (95%CI)

P valuec

β (95%CI)

P for trendd

SV

0 h (n = 335)

< 1 h (n = 147)

1–2 h (n = 116)

≥ 2 h (n = 116)

 

Per Hour

 

 Model 1a

Ref

−2.03 (− 2.65,-1.41)

− 2.73 (− 3.41,-2.06)

−3.11 (− 3.78,-2.43)

< 0.01

− 0.54 (− 0.68,-0.39)

< 0.01

 Model 2b

Ref

− 1.01 (− 1.63,-0.40)

− 1.42 (− 2.10,-0.73)

−1.73 (− 2.43,-1.02)

< 0.01

− 0.26 (− 0.40,-0.12)

< 0.01

TV

0 h (n = 398)

< 1 h (n = 158)

1–2 h (n = 77)

≥ 2 h (n = 81)

 

Per Hour

 

 Model 1a

Ref

−1.84 (− 2.44,-1.23)

−2.41 (− 3.21,-1.61)

−2.58 (− 3.37,-1.80)

< 0.01

− 0.69 (− 0.92,-0.46)

< 0.01

 Model 2b

Ref

−0.78 (− 1.37,-0.20)

−1.27 (− 2.05,-0.48)

−1.32 (− 2.08,-0.56)

< 0.01

− 0.28 (− 0.50,-0.06)

0.01

Mobile devices

0 h (n = 499)

< 1 h (n = 141)

1–2 h (n = 47)

≥ 2 h (n = 27)

 

Per Hour

 

 Model 1a

Ref

−1.94 (− 2.57,-1.32)

−2.43 (− 3.43,-1.44)

−2.19 (− 3.48,-0.90)

< 0.01

−0.69 (− 0.97,-0.41)

< 0.01

 Model 2b

Ref

−0.85(− 1.45,-0.25)

−0.95 (− 1.90,-0.01)

−1.10 (− 2.32,0.11)

0.01

−0.35 (− 0.61,-0.09)

0.01

  1. aUnadjusted model
  2. bMultivariable model adjusted for children’s age race, sex, mother’s education, father’s education, marital status, caregiver, housing type
  3. cOverall effect of categorical screen viewing variables; d Trend of association using continuous screen viewing variables