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Table 6 Overall association between access to basic sanitation and latrine use (combined from each model using imputed latrine use as the outcome)

From: Latent variable modeling to develop a robust proxy for sensitive behaviors: application to latrine use behavior and its association with sanitation access in a middle-income country

Model Covariate

Unadjusted OR (95% CI)

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

Less than basic sanitation (referent group)

1 (−)

1 (−)

Basic sanitation

1.1 (0.6–2.2)

1.1 (0.6–2.1)

Less than primary school (referent group)

–

1 (−)

Completed primary school

–

1.4 (0.6–3.3)

Less than secondary school

–

2.1 (0.9–4.9)

Completed secondary school

–

2.4 (0.8–6.8)

Chachi, Mestizo, or Other Ethnicity (referent group)

–

1 (−)

Afro-Ecuadorian

–

1.0 (0.5–2.0)

Male (referent group)

–

1 (−)

Female

–

1.5 (0.8–3.2)

Household walls constructed of other material (referent group)

–

1 (−)

Household constructed of cement

–

0.6 (0.3–1.2)

Asset Deprived Household (referent group)

–

1 (−)

Non-asset Deprived Household

–

0.5 (0.3–1.0)

  1. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) is presented for relevant variables in the unadjusted and the adjusted models