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Table 2 Adjusted associationa of bullying and sexual abuse with smoking, alcohol intake, binge eating and antidepressant use among individuals ≥20 years in South Australia, 2015 (unweighted N = 2873)

From: Bullying and sexual abuse and their association with harmful behaviours, antidepressant use and health-related quality of life in adulthood: a population-based study in South Australia

 

%

Smoking dependenceb (7.8%)

Excessive alcohol intakec (14.3%)

Binge eatingd (8.1%)

Antidepressant use (17.2%)

 

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

BULLYING

 Age when started

 

p = 0.533e

p = 0.161e

p = 0.015e

p < 0.001e

  Never

54.4

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

   < 10 years

9.2

1.51 (0.82;2.77)

1.62 (1.04;2.51)

1.77 (1.00;3.21)

1.67 (1.15;2.41)

  10–19 years

20.7

0.97 (0.64;1.47)

1.23 (0.90;1.69)

1.66 (1.13;2.45)

1.95 (1.47;2.60)

  20+ years

15.7

1.17 (0.74;1.82)

1.09 (0.72;1.66)

1.87 (1.20;2.93)

2.03 (1.50;2.74)

 Duration (months)

 

p = 0.070f

p = 0.005f

p = 0.001f

p < 0.001f

  Never

54.4

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

   < 1 month

15.2

0.87 (0.48;1.60)

1.05 (0.68;1.64)

1.45 (0.88;3.37)

1.45 (1.05;2.00)

  1–24 months

23.2

1.00 (0.65;1.54)

1.35 (0.99;1.85)

2.02 (1.36;2.99)

2.07 (1.59;2.69)

   > 24 months

7.2

2.18 (1.22;3.91)

1.60 (1.04;2.46)

1.56 (0.88;2.77)

2.50 (1.68;3.70)

SEXUAL ABUSE

 Age when started

 

p = 0.009e

p = 0.298e

p = 0.004e

p < 0.001e

  Never

89.6

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

   < 10 years

3.4

2.51 (1.26;4.99)

1.07 (0.54;2.14)

1.85 (1.12;3.06)

3.58 (2.22;5.78)

  10–19 years

4.7

1.42 (0.82;2.47)

0.73 (0.37;1.47)

1.20 (0.67;2.14)

2.02 (1.31;3.11)

  20+ years

2.4

2.62 (1.23;5.59)

0.40 (0.14;1.15)

3.36 (1.63;6.93)

2.57 (1.31;5.05)

 Duration (months)

 

p = 0.001f

p = 0.279f

p = 0.009f

p < 0.001f

  Never

89.6

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

   < 1 month

5.9

1.40 (0.84;2.33)

0.82 (0.43;1.58)

2.01 (1.16;3.48)

2.24 (1.56;3.23)

  1–24 months

2.9

2.74 (1.46;5.15)

0.55 (0.20;1.51)

1.57 (0.89;2.76)

2.53 (1.46;4.37)

   > 24 months

1.6

3.35 (1.32;8.51)

0.91 (0.24;3.44)

1.52 (0.65;3.53)

4.53 (2.36;8.67)

  1. OR = odds ratio; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval;
  2. aResults adjusted for sex, age, marital status, area of residence, education level, working status, socioeconomic position (Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas Index of Relative Socio-economic Advantage and Disadvantaged), and type of dwelling. Bullying and sexual abuse were also mutually adjusted
  3. bHeaviness of Smoking Index ≥3 points
  4. c≥5 standard drinks of alcohol/day
  5. dOvereating or eating an unusual large amount of food in one go (“out of control”) + distress associated with this behaviour
  6. eLikelihood-ratio test for heterogeneity
  7. fLikelihood-ratio test for trend