Table 2 Multivariable logistic regression model to examine factors associated with facility-based delivery in Liberia, 2007–2016
Variable | Crude OR (95% CI) | P-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | ||||
 2007 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 2013 | 1.86 (1.51–2.29) | < 0.001* | 2.21 (1.30–3.75) | 0.003* |
 2016 | 4.14 (3.14–5.46) | < 0.001* | 3.01 (3.83–11.67) | 0.001 |
 Age at first birth | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 0.096 | Ns |  |
Age | ||||
 15–19 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 20–24 | 0.86 (0.73–1.01) | 0.053 | 0.81 (0.67–0.99) | 0.045* |
 25–29 | 0.77 (0.65–0.91) | 0.002* | 0.79 (0.63–0.98) | 0.034* |
 30–34 | 0.72 (0.61–0.84) | < 0.001* | 0.85 (0.68–1.07) | 0.175 |
 35–39 | 0.73 (0.61–0.86) | < 0.001* | 0.92 (0.70–1.21) | 0.567 |
 40–44 | 0.58 (0.48–0.71) | < 0.001* | 0.91 (0.66–1.26) | 0.577 |
 45–49 | 0.50 (0.37–0.67) | < 0.001* | 1.08 (0.71–1.64) | 0.725 |
Region | ||||
 Morovia | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 North Western | 0.68 (0.53–0.87) | 0.002* | 0.76 (0.56–1.05) | 0.094 |
 South Central | 0.48 (0.37–0.62) | < 0.001* | 1.20 (0.87–1.66) | 0.255 |
 South Eastern A | 0.76 (0.55–1.04) | 0.084 | 1.21 (0.84–1.73) | 0.303 |
 South Eastern B | 0.50 (0.39–0.65) | < 0.001* | 0.94 (0.68–1.30) | 0.720 |
 North Central | 0.33 (0.23–0.48) | < 0.001* | 1.65 (1.04–2.61) | 0.034* |
Place of residence | ||||
 Urban | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Rural | 0.32 (0.27–0.39) | < 0.001* | 0.45 (0.31–0.65) | < 0.001* |
Level of education | ||||
 No education | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Primary | 1.41 (1.26–1.59) | < 0.001* | 1.11 (0.96–1.27) | 0.150 |
 Secondary | 3.35 (2.88–3.89) | < 0.001* | 1.45 (1.20–1.76) | < 0.001* |
 Higher | 11.32 (6.85–18.69) | < 0.001* | 3.72 (1.82–7.61) | < 0.001* |
Religion | ||||
 Christian | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Muslim | 0.97 (0.78–1.21) | 0.774 | 1.06 (0.78–1.44) | 0.697 |
 Traditional | 0.85 (0.45–1.60) | 0.614 | 1.54 (0.63–3.82) | 0.345 |
 Nil | 0.41 (0.28–0.59) | < 0.001* | 0.55 (0.35–0.85) | 0.007* |
Sex of household head | ||||
 Male | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Female | 1.40 (1.25–1.56) | < 0.001* | 1.20 (1.07–1.36) | 0.003* |
Frequency of reading newspaper or magazine | ||||
 Not at all | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Less than once a  week | 2.57 (2.00–3.31) | < 0.001* | 1.01 (0.77–1.31) | 0.951 |
 At least once a week | 2.93 (2.28–3.78) | < 0.001* | 1.17 (0.85–1.60) | 0.335 |
 Almost every day | 4.76 (2.64–8.60) | < 0.001* | 0.99 (0.49–1.99) | 0.979 |
Frequency of listening to radio | ||||
 Not at all | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Less than once a week | 2.18 (1.85–2.57) | < 0.001* | 1.24 (1.04–1.48) | 0.016* |
 At least once a week | 2.09 (1.78–2.46) | < 0.001* | 1.12 (0.95–1.32) | 0.165 |
 Almost every day | 2. (2.31–3.67) | < 0.001* | 1.61 (1.24–2.10) | < 0.001* |
Frequency of watching television | ||||
 Not at all | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Less than once a week | 2.02 (1.67–2.43) | < 0.001* | 0.96 (0.79–1.17) | 0.684 |
 At least once a week | 2.22 (1.77–2.79) | < 0.001* | 1.06 (0.83–1.35) | 0.626 |
 Almost every day | 3.16 (2.29–4.35) | < 0.001* | 1.31 (0.92–1.87) | 0.133 |
Wealth index | ||||
 Poorest | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Poorer | 1.40 (1.18–1.66) | < 0.001* | 1.12 (0.81–1.53) | 0.501 |
 Middle | 1.91 (1.58–2.32) | < 0.001* | 1.52 (1.02–2.26) | 0.039* |
 Richer | 3.16 (2.54–3.91) | < 0.001* | 2.48 (1.60–3.85) | < 0.001* |
 Richest | 5.35 (4.09–7.00) | < 0.001* | 2.72 (1.66–4.46) | < 0.001* |
Children ever born | ||||
 1–4 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
  > 4 | 0.65 (0.58–0.71) | < 0.001* | 0.85 (0.71–1.01) | 0.080 |
Antenatal care visits | ||||
  < 4 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 4 and above | 3.62 (3.16–4.14) | < 0.001* | 2.90 (2.52–3.36) | < 0.001* |
Year*Residence | ||||
 2007*Urban | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 2013*Rural | 2.17 (1.44–3.25) | < 0.001* | 1.64 (1.01–2.67) | 0.047* |
 2016*Rural | 2.95 (1.74–4.99) | < 0.001* |  |  |
Year*wealth index | ||||
 2007*Poorest | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 2013*Poorer | 0.98 (0.68–1.41) | 0.914 | 1.09 (0.75–1.59) | 0.643 |
 2013*Middle | 0.77 (0.49–1.23) | 0.276 | 0.94 (0.59–1.49) | 0.784 |
 2013*Richer | 0.54 (0.32–0.90) | 0.018* | 0.82 (0.47–1.43) | 0.481 |
 2013*Richest | 0.58 (0.29–1.16) | 0.121 | 1.18 (0.56–2.49) | 0.658 |
 2016*Poorer | 1.48 (0.85–2.55) | 0.164 |  |  |
 2016*Middle | 0.77 (0.41–1.43) | 0.401 |  |  |
 2016*Richer | 0.37 (0.19–0.71) | 0.003* |  |  |
 2016*Richest | 0.27 (0.13–0.56) | < 0.001* |  |  |