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Table 1 Characteristics of selected articles

From: Determinants of access to HIV testing and counselling services among female sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review

Author/ citation

Country

Study aim

Study design/type of data

Aho et al., (2011) [35]

Guinea

To describe the acceptability and outcomes of HTC among a stigmatised and vulnerable group.

Baseline: Interview / FGDs & survey (n = 421) plus HIV screen. Follow-up survey (n = 223) plus HIV test; Sampling: attendees at private or public centres providing healthcare services.

Ameyan et al., (2015) [36]

Ethiopia

To explore the barriers to utilising HTC facilities and identify the motives and motivations of FSWs who seek HTC.

Cross-sectional qualitative study; In-depth interviews with FSWs (20); Purposive sampling.

Batona et al., (2015) [42]

Benin

To identify psychosocial factors associated with the intention to be HIV tested.

Cross-sectional study; Questionnaire survey (n = 450); Cluster sampling;

Dugas et al., (2015) [43]

Benin

To examine the potential of 3 different categories of outreach intervention to increase the use of testing services in Benin.

Cross-sectional ethnographic study (semi-structure interviews (n = 66); Purposive sampling

Langa et al., (2014) [44]

Mozambique.

To assess HIV risk perception, sexual behaviour and treatment seeking among FSWs.

In-depth semi-structured interviews & focus group discussions; n = 236 FSWs from three sites; Snowball sampling approach.

Nakanwagi et al., (2016) [45]

Uganda

To identify the facilitators and barriers to linkage to HIV care among FSWs who tested positive to design appropriate HIV interventions for this key population group.

Cross-sectional qualitative study; In-depth interviews (n = 28 FSWs); Purposively selection of FSWs accessing HIV services from mobile outreaches.

Scorgie et al., (2013) [46]

Kenya; Uganda; Zimbabwe; South Africa

To examine experience of key populations in seeking public and private healthcare and barriers to accessing these services.

Cross sectional qualitative study; In-depth interviews (n = 55) & focus group discussions; Snowball sampling.

Lafort et al., (2016) [47]

Kenya, Mozambique; South Africa

To assess where FSW go for care in different settings, and what motivates their choice.

Multi-site cross-sectional survey (South Africa (n = 400), Tete, Mozambique (n = 308), Mombasa, Kenya (n = 400); Respondent-driven sampling (RDS).

Lafort (2016) [48]

Mozambique

Assess factors that facilitate or hinder utilisation of HIV and sexual and reproductive health services among FSWs.

Cross-sectional survey (n = 311); together with In-depth interviews & Focus Group Discussion (FGDs); Respondent-driven sampling (RDS)

Luseno et al., (2009), [38]

South Africa

To identify factors that facilitates or hinders HIV testing among South African women with high risk for HIV infection.

Randomised trial; baseline data (n = 425); Participant recruited through targeted street outreach.

Mulongo et al. (2015) [49]

Democratic Republic of Congo

To assess the impact of community-based prevention and HIV counselling and testing approaches in reaching FSWs with prevention messaging and treatment options.

Participatory appraisal including follow-up testing, care, and treatment to HIV positive individuals; Snowball sampling

Renzaho et al., (2009) [37]

Tanzania

To explore the knowledge and practices about HIV among female sex workers (CSWs) and assess the contextual dynamics that prevent safer sexual behaviours.

Semi-structured face-to-face interviews (=54) & discrete focus group discussions (n = 26); Snowball sampling approach.

Chanda et al., (2017) [41]

Zambia

To explore perceived barriers and facilitators of HIV testing among FSWs

Cross-sectional; focus groups (N = 5), total participants = 40)

Wanyenze et al., (2017) [39]

Uganda

To explore barriers to HIV service access and opportunities for increasing access to services

Cross-sectional study; focus group discussion (FGD) (n = 24), total participants = 190

Nyblade et al., (2017) [40]

Kenya

To explore the relationship between healthcare worker sex-work stigma and HIV counselling and testing & utilisation of non-HIV health services among female and male sex workers

Cross-sectional survey; snowball sample of 497 FSWs