Country | HCV prevalence | Year of study | Study type | Sample Size, N | N, Prisons | Note | Author, Year (ref) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ab (%) | RNA (%) | |||||||
Spain | 12.8 | 9.9 | 2017 | Cross-sectional | 821 | 1 | Cantabria – El Dueso prison | Crespo 2017 [49] |
Nr | 9.1 | 2017 | Regional screening | 7051 | 10 | Cataluña | Gencat 2018 [50] | |
11.0 | 8.8 | 2016 | Cross-sectional | 1264 | 10 | Cataluña | Marco 2017 [51] | |
18.7 | 11.0 | 2016 | Aggregation of regional statistics | 48,830 | nr | National data used | Ministry of Interior 2017 [52] | |
17.6 | 9.9 | 2016 | Cross-sectional | 204 | 3 | Andalucía | Tellez 2017 [53] | |
22.7 | 20.1 | 2008 | Cross-sectional | 378 | 18 | Spain | Saiz de la Hoya [54] | |
34.2 | nr | 2008 | Cross-sectional | 730 | 1 | Spain | Murcia 2009 [55] | |
England | 18.0 | 15.0 | 2014 | HJIPS opt out testing programme | 8797 | 112 | England | Public Health England 2017 [43] |
8.0 | nr | 2014 | PHE Sentinel surveillance | 4089 | Multiple, figure not mentioned | Data not specified | Public Health England 2015 [56] | |
43.0 | 28.0 | 2013–2014 | Observational | 102 | 1 | Northumberland | Darke 2015 [57] | |
19.0 | nr | 2012 | Cross-sectional | 4904 | 14 | Scotland | Taylor 2012 [58] | |
11.0 | nr | 2010–2011 | Retrospective analysis | 118 | 1 | Oxfordshire | Duncan 2013 [59] | |
24.0 | 11.0 | 2005–2008 | Retrospective analysis from sentinel survey | 9965 | 39 | England; (N = 1490* Ab+ tested for RNA) | Kirwan 2011 [60] | |
France | 15.0 | nr | 2017 | Survey | 950 | 1 | Maison d’Arrêt de Villeneuve-les-Maguelone | Meroueh 2017 [61] |
5.0 | 2.0 | 2012–2013 | Cross-sectional | 342 | 2 | Puy-de-Dome | Jacomet 2016 [62] | |
4.8 (Women 11.8; Men 4.5) | 2.5 | 2010 | Cross-sectional, questionnaire-based | 1876 | 27 | Prisons stratification by region and prison type for selection | Semaille 2013 [63] | |
13.0 | nr | 2008 | Survey | nr | 1 | Maison d’Arrêt de Villeneuve-les-Maguelone | Meroueh 2008 [64] | |
5.0 | nr | 2004–2010 | Cross-sectional questionnaire (multiple time points) | 5957 | 3 | Southeastern France | Roux 2014 [65] | |
5.0 | nr | 2000–2003 | Cross-sectional | 597 | 1 | Caen | Verneuil 2009 [66] | |
Italy | Nr | 7.4 | 2014 | Survey, questionnaire-based | 15,751 | 57 | 6 regions: Toscana, Lazio, Veneto, Liguria, Umbria, ASL Salerno | Agenzia Regionale di Sanità dellaToscana [67] |
22.8 | nr | 2009 | Cross-sectional | 2241 | 9 | Representative sample of prisons selected based on geographical location | Sagnelli 2012 [68] | |
22.0 | 19.0 | 2006 | Cross-sectional | 695 | 1 | Milan-Opera | Brandolini 2013 [69] | |
28.0 | nr | 2001–2002 | Cross-sectional | 1091 | 3 | Cassino, Frosinone, Latina | La Torre 2012 [70] | |
9.0 | nr | 2006–2009 | Cross-sectional | na | na | Toscana | Voller 2011 [71] | |
Germany | 16.0 | nr | 2006–2007 | Cross-sectional survey analysis | 1582 | 6 | Chemnitz, Hameln, Köln, Remscheid, Rheinbach, Zeithain | Eckert & Weilandt 2008 [72] |
16.0 | nr | 2006–2007 | Cross-sectional (Serology + questionnaire) | 1519 | 6 | Closed German institutions | Radun 2007 [73] | |
14.0 | nr | 2006 | Survey, questionnaire-based | 14,187 | 31 | Based on return of completed survey from prison physicians | Schulte 2009 [74] | |
9.0 | 7.0 | 2002 | Cross-sectional | 1125 | 1 | German Young Offenders’ Institution | Meyer 2007 [75] |