From: Geographic and socio-demographic predictors of household food insecurity in Canada, 2011–12
Marginal food insecurity | Moderate food insecurity | Severe food insecurity | |
---|---|---|---|
Provinces and territories | |||
Newfoundland and Labrador | 1.11 (0.86–1.44) | 0.86 (0.68–1.10) | 0.48 (0.30–0.76) |
Prince Edward Island | 1.40 (1.03–1.89) | 1.39 (1.07–1.80) | 1.11 (0.75–1.65) |
Nova Scotia | 1.56 (1.26–1.93) | 1.50 (1.22–1.84) | 1.41 (1.07–1.86) |
New Brunswick | 1.66 (1.36–2.01) | 1.27 (1.07–1.50) | 1.16 (0.89–1.53) |
Quebec | 1.17 (1.02–1.34) | 0.82 (0.72–0.94) | 0.59 (0.48–0.73) |
Ontario | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Manitoba | 1.20 (0.95–1.52) | 1.01 (0.82–0.25) | 0.60 (0.43–0.83) |
Saskatchewan | 1.15 (0.92–1.46) | 0.98 (0.78–1.22) | 0.78 (0.59–1.04) |
Alberta | 1.29 (1.06–1.56) | 1.40 (1.18–1.66) | 1.32 (1.02–1.69) |
British Columbia | 1.02 (0.86–1.21) | 0.99 (0.85–1.16) | 1.12 (0.92–1.37) |
Yukon | 1.55 (1.14–2.10) | 1.28 (0.94–1.74) | 0.84 (0.58–1.23) |
Northwest Territories | 1.33 (0.94–1.89) | 1.63 (1.22–2.19) | 1.80 (1.12–2.89) |
Nunavut | 1.46 (0.96–2.22) | 2.63 (1.83–3.78) | 6.16 (3.39–11.21) |
Household incomea | 0.98 (0.97–0.98) | 0.96 (0.96–0.97) | 0.95 (0.94–0.96) |
Main source of household income | |||
Wages/salaries or self-employment | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Seniors’ income, including pensions, dividends and interest | 0.50 (0.43–0.58) | 0.38 (0.32–0.44) | 0.35 (0.28–0.44) |
Employment insurance or workers compensation | 1.87 (1.28–2.73) | 2.01 (1.46–2.79) | 2.82 (2.04–3.89) |
Social assistance | 1.58 (1.25–2.02) | 2.79 (2.28–3.43) | 5.18 (4.04–6.65) |
Other or noneb | 1.28 (0.97–1.68) | 1.02 (0.80–1.30) | 1.15 (0.82–1.62) |
Missing | 0.57 (0.45–0.72) | 0.48 (0.38–0.61) | 0.25 (0.18–0.35) |
Education (highest level in household) | |||
Less than completed high school | 1.07 (0.85–1.33) | 1.98 (1.61–2.43) | 1.83 (1.34–2.49) |
Completed high school | 1.20 (0.99–1.46) | 1.73 (1.43–2.08) | 1.83 (1.33–2.52) |
Some post-secondary | 1.47 (1.14–1.90) | 1.97 (1.56–2.49) | 2.85 (2.04–3.98) |
Completed post-secondary, below bachelors degree | 1.32 (1.13–1.54) | 1.83 (1.55–2.15) | 2.15 (1.67–2.76) |
Bachelor’s degree or higher | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Missing | 1.31 (1.06–1.63) | 1.62 (1.26–2.10) | 1.79 (1.26–2.57) |
Household structure c | |||
Unattached, living alone or with others | 1.52 (1.30–1.77) | 1.34 (1.16–1.55) | 2.60 (2.10–3.21) |
Couple, no children | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Couple with children | 1.65 (1.40–1.94) | 1.59 (1.38–1.84) | 1.15 (0.90–1.48) |
Female lone parent | 2.19 (1.80–2.65) | 1.83 (1.53–2.20) | 2.08 (1.56–2.75) |
Male lone parent | 1.58 (1.10–2.25) | 1.51 (1.04–2.17) | 0.97 (0.52–1.81) |
Other or missing | 2.05 (1.34–3.16) | 2.15 (1.46–3.18) | 1.55 (0.76–3.19) |
Housing tenure | |||
Owner | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Renter | 1.91 (1.70–2.14) | 2.69 (2.41–3.01) | 2.47 (2.08–2.94) |
Missing | 1.69 (0.92–3.10) | 1.08 (0.58–2.00) | 2.04 (0.66–6.30) |
Cultural/racial identity | |||
Non-aboriginal | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Aboriginal | 1.16 (0.96–1.40) | 1.65 (1.38–1.97) | 1.87 (1.47–2.38) |
Immigrant | |||
Canadian born | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Immigrant < 10 years | 1.18 (0.95–1.48) | 0.87 (0.70–1.08) | 0.55 (0.36–0.83) |
Immigrant, ≥ 10 years | 0.91 (0.77–1.07) | 0.94 (0.81–1.09) | 0.74 (0.58–0.95) |
Missing | 1.15 (0.70–1.91) | 1.29 (0.69–2.43) | 1.02 (0.42–2.49) |
Urban/rural residence | |||
Population centre | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Rural | 1.10 (0.99–1.23) | 0.98 (0.88–1.00) | 0.77 (0.66–0.91) |