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Table 3 Adjusted odds of marginal, moderate, and severe household food insecurity in relation to household socio-demographic characteristics, Canada, 2011–12

From: Geographic and socio-demographic predictors of household food insecurity in Canada, 2011–12

 

Marginal food insecurity

Moderate food insecurity

Severe food insecurity

Provinces and territories

 Newfoundland and Labrador

1.11 (0.86–1.44)

0.86 (0.68–1.10)

0.48 (0.30–0.76)

 Prince Edward Island

1.40 (1.03–1.89)

1.39 (1.07–1.80)

1.11 (0.75–1.65)

 Nova Scotia

1.56 (1.26–1.93)

1.50 (1.22–1.84)

1.41 (1.07–1.86)

 New Brunswick

1.66 (1.36–2.01)

1.27 (1.07–1.50)

1.16 (0.89–1.53)

 Quebec

1.17 (1.02–1.34)

0.82 (0.72–0.94)

0.59 (0.48–0.73)

 Ontario

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Manitoba

1.20 (0.95–1.52)

1.01 (0.82–0.25)

0.60 (0.43–0.83)

 Saskatchewan

1.15 (0.92–1.46)

0.98 (0.78–1.22)

0.78 (0.59–1.04)

 Alberta

1.29 (1.06–1.56)

1.40 (1.18–1.66)

1.32 (1.02–1.69)

 British Columbia

1.02 (0.86–1.21)

0.99 (0.85–1.16)

1.12 (0.92–1.37)

 Yukon

1.55 (1.14–2.10)

1.28 (0.94–1.74)

0.84 (0.58–1.23)

 Northwest Territories

1.33 (0.94–1.89)

1.63 (1.22–2.19)

1.80 (1.12–2.89)

 Nunavut

1.46 (0.96–2.22)

2.63 (1.83–3.78)

6.16 (3.39–11.21)

Household incomea

0.98 (0.97–0.98)

0.96 (0.96–0.97)

0.95 (0.94–0.96)

Main source of household income

 Wages/salaries or self-employment

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Seniors’ income, including pensions, dividends and interest

0.50 (0.43–0.58)

0.38 (0.32–0.44)

0.35 (0.28–0.44)

 Employment insurance or workers compensation

1.87 (1.28–2.73)

2.01 (1.46–2.79)

2.82 (2.04–3.89)

 Social assistance

1.58 (1.25–2.02)

2.79 (2.28–3.43)

5.18 (4.04–6.65)

 Other or noneb

1.28 (0.97–1.68)

1.02 (0.80–1.30)

1.15 (0.82–1.62)

 Missing

0.57 (0.45–0.72)

0.48 (0.38–0.61)

0.25 (0.18–0.35)

Education (highest level in household)

 Less than completed high school

1.07 (0.85–1.33)

1.98 (1.61–2.43)

1.83 (1.34–2.49)

 Completed high school

1.20 (0.99–1.46)

1.73 (1.43–2.08)

1.83 (1.33–2.52)

 Some post-secondary

1.47 (1.14–1.90)

1.97 (1.56–2.49)

2.85 (2.04–3.98)

 Completed post-secondary, below bachelors degree

1.32 (1.13–1.54)

1.83 (1.55–2.15)

2.15 (1.67–2.76)

 Bachelor’s degree or higher

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Missing

1.31 (1.06–1.63)

1.62 (1.26–2.10)

1.79 (1.26–2.57)

Household structure c

 Unattached, living alone or with others

1.52 (1.30–1.77)

1.34 (1.16–1.55)

2.60 (2.10–3.21)

 Couple, no children

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Couple with children

1.65 (1.40–1.94)

1.59 (1.38–1.84)

1.15 (0.90–1.48)

 Female lone parent

2.19 (1.80–2.65)

1.83 (1.53–2.20)

2.08 (1.56–2.75)

 Male lone parent

1.58 (1.10–2.25)

1.51 (1.04–2.17)

0.97 (0.52–1.81)

 Other or missing

2.05 (1.34–3.16)

2.15 (1.46–3.18)

1.55 (0.76–3.19)

Housing tenure

 Owner

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Renter

1.91 (1.70–2.14)

2.69 (2.41–3.01)

2.47 (2.08–2.94)

 Missing

1.69 (0.92–3.10)

1.08 (0.58–2.00)

2.04 (0.66–6.30)

Cultural/racial identity

 Non-aboriginal

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Aboriginal

1.16 (0.96–1.40)

1.65 (1.38–1.97)

1.87 (1.47–2.38)

Immigrant

 Canadian born

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Immigrant < 10 years

1.18 (0.95–1.48)

0.87 (0.70–1.08)

0.55 (0.36–0.83)

 Immigrant, ≥ 10 years

0.91 (0.77–1.07)

0.94 (0.81–1.09)

0.74 (0.58–0.95)

 Missing

1.15 (0.70–1.91)

1.29 (0.69–2.43)

1.02 (0.42–2.49)

Urban/rural residence

 Population centre

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Rural

1.10 (0.99–1.23)

0.98 (0.88–1.00)

0.77 (0.66–0.91)

  1. aBefore-tax income, in thousands of Canadian dollars, adjusted for family size by dividing by the square root of household size
  2. b‘Other or none’ includes child benefits, child support and alimony
  3. cHouseholds identified as including children were those with at least one person under the age of 18