From: Geographic and socio-demographic predictors of household food insecurity in Canada, 2011–12
OR (95% CI) | ||
---|---|---|
Crude | Adjusted | |
Provinces and territories | ||
Newfoundland and Labrador | 1.02 (0.87–1.20) | 0.86 (0.74–1.04) |
Prince Edward Island | 1.41 (1.16–1.71) | 1.34 (1.10–1.63) |
Nova Scotia | 1.57 (1.37–1.79) | 1.50 (1.30–1.74) |
New Brunswick | 1.43 (1.27–1.61) | 1.38 (1.22–1.56) |
Quebec | 1.12 (1.03–1.22) | 0.89 (0.81–0.97) |
Ontario | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Manitoba | 1.05 (0.90–1.22) | 0.99 (0.85–1.16) |
Saskatchewan | 1.03 (0.88–1.21) | 1.00 (0.86–1.15) |
Alberta | 1.01 (0.89–1.15) | 1.34 (1.16–1.53) |
British Columbia | 1.01 (0.91–1.12) | 1.03 (0.92–1.15) |
Yukon | 1.53 (1.27–1.85) | 1.27 (1.03–1.57) |
Northwest Territories | 1.62 (1.28–2.05) | 1.54 (1.24–1.92) |
Nunavut | 5.20 (4.08–6.64) | 2.85 (2.02–4.02) |
Household incomea | 0.95 (0.95–0.96) | 0.97 (0.96–0.97) |
Main source of household income | ||
Wages/salaries or self-employment | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Seniors’ income, including pensions, dividends and interest | 0.63 (0.58–0.69) | 0.41 (0.37–0.46) |
Employment insurance or workers compensation | 4.93 (3.99–6.08) | 2.14 (1.70–2.70) |
Social assistance | 16.69 (14.73–18.91) | 3.24 (2.79–3.75) |
Other or noneb | 3.39 (2.87–4.01) | 1.16 (0.96–1.39) |
Missing | 0.80 (0.69–0.92) | 0.47 (0.40–0.55) |
Education (highest level in household) | ||
Less than completed high school | 4.06 (3.60–4.57) | 1.54 (1.33–1.77) |
Completed high school | 3.02 (2.69–3.39) | 1.48 (1.30–1.70) |
Some post-secondary | 4.64 (4.00–5.38) | 1.86 (1.57–2.21) |
Completed post-secondary, below bachelors degree | 2.36 (2.13–2.60) | 1.61 (1.45–1.80) |
Bachelor’s degree or higher | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Missing | 2.30 (1.98, 2.66) | 1.48 (1.26, 1.75) |
Household structure c | ||
Unattached, living alone or with others | 3.35 (3.06–3.66) | 1.58 (1.43–1.75) |
Couple, no children | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Couple with children | 1.94 (1.77–2.14) | 1.56 (1.40–1.73) |
Female lone parent | 6.41 (5.70–7.22) | 1.98 (1.74–2.26) |
Male lone parent | 3.02 (2.32–3.93) | 1.44 (1.10–1.87) |
Other or missing | 3.01 (2.34–3.87) | 2.03 (1.55–2.66) |
Housing tenure | ||
Owner | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Renter | 4.94 (4.63–5.26) | 2.33 (2.16–2.52) |
Missing | 2.57 (1.71–3.87) | 1.46 (0.95–2.24) |
Cultural/racial identity | ||
Non-aboriginal | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Aboriginal | 2.84 (2.55–3.17) | 1.54 (1.34–1.78) |
Immigrant | ||
Canadian born | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Immigrant < 10 years | 1.57 (1.35–1.82) | 0.91 (0.76–1.08) |
Immigrant, ≥ 10 years | 0.83 (0.75–0.91) | 0.89 (0.80–0.99) |
Missing | 1.67 (1.15–2.42) | 1.19 (0.82–1.72) |
Urban/rural residence | ||
Population centre | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Rural | 0.81 (0.75–0.87) | 0.99 (0.91–1.07) |