Variables | All (n = 3753) |
---|---|
OR (95% CI) | |
Sociodemographic & Socioeconomic Status | |
Age | |
 18–39 | – |
 40–64 | 1.83 (1.13–2.96) |
 ≥ 65 | 0.82 (0.54–1.23) |
Gender, male | 1.05 (0.76–1.44) |
Residence population > 100,00 people | 1.06 (0.79–1.44) |
Marital status | |
 Married | – |
 Never-married | 0.86 (0.58–1.27) |
 Widowed | 1.21 (0.74–1.98) |
 Divorced | 0.91 (0.43–1.93) |
Occupational status | |
 Full-time | – |
 Part-time | 1.13 (0.74–1.73) |
 Jobless | 2.38 (1.44–3.92) |
 Others (Homemaker, Retiree, Student) | 1.11 (0.76–1.63) |
Educational attainment | |
 ≤ High school | – |
 Two-year college | 0.81 (0.57–1.14) |
 College or higher | 0.74 (0.53–1.04) |
Household income ($) | |
 <  30,000 | – |
 ≥ 30,000 < 60,000 | 0.58 (0.40–0.85) |
 ≥ 60,000 < 100,000 | 0.69 (0.46–1.02) |
 ≥ 100,000 | 0.61 (0.36–1.04) |
Health-related Characteristics | |
 Obese (BMI ≥ 25) | 1.42 (1.04–1.93) |
 Currently smoking | 1.09 (0.72–1.64) |
 Having a primary care physician | 1.36 (1.01–1.82) |
 Family history of depression | 1.56 (0.78–3.13) |
 Prior diagnosis of depression | 6.11 (3.77–9.89) |
 Prior diagnosis of depression related comorbidity | 2.14 (1.47–3.12) |
 Excessive alcohol | 1.62 (0.78–3.36) |
Symptom Domain | |
 Cervicolumbar musculoskeletal pain | 1.07 (0.80–1.42) |
 Upper respiratory symptoms | 1.06 (0.79–1.44) |
 Gastrointestinal complaints | 1.38 (0.97–1.98) |
 Fatigue and malaise | 1.73 (1.26–2.37) |
 Pain in lower extremity | 1.21 (0.84–1.74) |
 Mean number of self-reported symptom | 1.02 (1.01–1.02) |