Depressive Symptoms | Total | % | Chi | p-value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Absent | Present | |||||||
N | % | N | % | |||||
Level of education | ||||||||
No education | 469 | 20.2 | 248 | 29.6 | 717 | 22.7 | ||
Primary | 252 | 10.8 | 132 | 15.8 | 384 | 12.1 | ||
Middle /JSS | 1023 | 44.0 | 309 | 36.9 | 1332 | 42.1 | ||
Secondary | 401 | 17.3 | 107 | 12.8 | 508 | 16.1 | ||
Tertiary | 179 | 7.7 | 42 | 5.0 | 221 | 7.0 | ||
Total | 2324 | 100 | 838 | 100 | 3162 | 100 | 57.84 | < 0.001 |
Socio-economic level of the enumeration area of residence | ||||||||
Low Class | 708 | 30.3 | 270 | 32.0 | 978 | 30.8 | ||
Low Middle Class | 530 | 22.7 | 214 | 25.4 | 744 | 23.4 | ||
Upper Middle Class | 548 | 23.5 | 195 | 23.1 | 743 | 23.4 | ||
High Class | 550 | 23.5 | 164 | 19.5 | 714 | 22.5 | ||
Total | 2336 | 100 | 843 | 100 | 3179 | 100 | 7.16 | 0.067 |
Marital status | ||||||||
Never married | 710 | 30.8 | 172 | 20.5 | 882 | 28.0 | ||
Currently | 918 | 39.8 | 280 | 33.4 | 1198 | 38.1 | ||
Widowed/ | 588 | 25.5 | 350 | 41.8 | 938 | 29.8 | ||
Ever married | 91 | 3.9 | 36 | 4.3 | 127 | 4.0 | ||
Total | 2307 | 100 | 838 | 100 | 3145 | 100 | 84.4 | < 0.001 |
Survey age-groups | ||||||||
18–24 | 707 | 30.3 | 139 | 16.5 | 846 | 26.6 | ||
25–34 | 626 | 26.8 | 191 | 22.7 | 817 | 25.7 | ||
35–54 | 569 | 24.4 | 217 | 25.7 | 786 | 24.7 | ||
55+ | 431 | 18.5 | 296 | 35.1 | 727 | 22.9 | ||
Total | 2333 | 100 | 843 | 100 | 3176 | 100 | 123.92 | < 0.001 |
Religion | ||||||||
Orthodox | 894 | 38.3 | 297 | 35.2 | 1191 | 37.5 | ||
Non-orthodox | 953 | 40.9 | 354 | 41.9 | 1307 | 41.2 | ||
Muslim | 312 | 13.4 | 108 | 12.8 | 420 | 13.2 | ||
Others | 173 | 7.4 | 85 | 10.1 | 258 | 8.1 | ||
Total | 2332 | 100 | 844 | 100 | 3176 | 100 | 7.33 | 0.062 |
Ethnicity | ||||||||
Ga | 800 | 34.3 | 368 | 43.7 | 1168 | 36.8 | ||
Akan | 881 | 37.8 | 239 | 28.4 | 1120 | 35.3 | ||
Ewe | 300 | 12.9 | 117 | 13.9 | 417 | 13.1 | ||
Northern | 203 | 8.7 | 61 | 7.2 | 264 | 8.3 | ||
Others | 147 | 6.3 | 58 | 6.9 | 205 | 6.5 | ||
Total | 2331 | 100 | 843 | 100 | 3174 | 100 | 32.7135 | < 0.001 |
Employment Status over the past 12 months | ||||||||
Unemployed | 434 | 18.6 | 259 | 30.8 | 693 | 21.8 | ||
Formal employment | 257 | 11 | 78 | 9.3 | 335 | 10.6 | ||
Self employed | 1219 | 52.3 | 409 | 48.7 | 1628 | 51.3 | ||
Student/ apprentice | 308 | 13.2 | 57 | 6.8 | 365 | 11.5 | ||
Others (Housewife/retired/Volunteer) | 115 | 4.9 | 37 | 4.4 | 152 | 4.8 | ||
Total | 2333 | 100 | 840 | 100 | 3173 | 100 | 68.0365 | < 0.001 |
Parity | ||||||||
194 | 8.3 | 85 | 10.1 | 279 | 8.8 | |||
1 to 3 children (1–3) | 863 | 36.9 | 293 | 34.7 | 1156 | 36.3 | ||
4 or more children | 1282 | 54.8 | 466 | 55.2 | 1748 | 54.9 | ||
Total | 2339 | 100 | 844 | 100 | 3183 | 100 | 3.0645 | 0.216 |