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Table 2 Socio-demographic characteristics of respondents and associated chi square tests

From: Sociodemographic correlates of depressive symptoms: a cross-sectional analytic study among healthy urban Ghanaian women

 

Depressive Symptoms

Total

%

Chi

p-value

Absent

Present

N

%

N

%

Level of education

 No education

469

20.2

248

29.6

717

22.7

  

 Primary

252

10.8

132

15.8

384

12.1

  

 Middle /JSS

1023

44.0

309

36.9

1332

42.1

  

 Secondary

401

17.3

107

12.8

508

16.1

  

 Tertiary

179

7.7

42

5.0

221

7.0

  

 Total

2324

100

838

100

3162

100

57.84

< 0.001

Socio-economic level of the enumeration area of residence

 Low Class

708

30.3

270

32.0

978

30.8

  

 Low Middle Class

530

22.7

214

25.4

744

23.4

  

 Upper Middle Class

548

23.5

195

23.1

743

23.4

  

 High Class

550

23.5

164

19.5

714

22.5

  

 Total

2336

100

843

100

3179

100

7.16

0.067

Marital status

 Never married

710

30.8

172

20.5

882

28.0

  

 Currently

918

39.8

280

33.4

1198

38.1

  

 Widowed/

588

25.5

350

41.8

938

29.8

  

 Ever married

91

3.9

36

4.3

127

4.0

  

 Total

2307

100

838

100

3145

100

84.4

< 0.001

Survey age-groups

 18–24

707

30.3

139

16.5

846

26.6

  

 25–34

626

26.8

191

22.7

817

25.7

  

 35–54

569

24.4

217

25.7

786

24.7

  

 55+

431

18.5

296

35.1

727

22.9

  

 Total

2333

100

843

100

3176

100

123.92

< 0.001

Religion

 Orthodox

894

38.3

297

35.2

1191

37.5

  

 Non-orthodox

953

40.9

354

41.9

1307

41.2

  

 Muslim

312

13.4

108

12.8

420

13.2

  

 Others

173

7.4

85

10.1

258

8.1

  

 Total

2332

100

844

100

3176

100

7.33

0.062

Ethnicity

 Ga

800

34.3

368

43.7

1168

36.8

  

 Akan

881

37.8

239

28.4

1120

35.3

  

 Ewe

300

12.9

117

13.9

417

13.1

  

 Northern

203

8.7

61

7.2

264

8.3

  

 Others

147

6.3

58

6.9

205

6.5

  

 Total

2331

100

843

100

3174

100

32.7135

< 0.001

Employment Status over the past 12 months

 Unemployed

434

18.6

259

30.8

693

21.8

  

 Formal employment

257

11

78

9.3

335

10.6

  

 Self employed

1219

52.3

409

48.7

1628

51.3

  

 Student/ apprentice

308

13.2

57

6.8

365

11.5

  

 Others (Housewife/retired/Volunteer)

115

4.9

37

4.4

152

4.8

  

 Total

2333

100

840

100

3173

100

68.0365

< 0.001

Parity

 

194

8.3

85

10.1

279

8.8

  

 1 to 3 children (1–3)

863

36.9

293

34.7

1156

36.3

  

 4 or more children

1282

54.8

466

55.2

1748

54.9

  

 Total

2339

100

844

100

3183

100

3.0645

0.216