Parent and household influences on calcium intake among early adolescents

BMC Public Health

Table 5 Multivariate linear regression for total dairy calcium (mg) of early adolescents (dependent variable) and parental psychosocial factors (independent variables)^ab

Y = total dairy calcium (mg)
	Model 1 ^c			Model 2 ^d
	R² = 0.211			R² = 0.206
	β ± SE	t-value	P-value	β ± SE	t-value	P-value
Parental psychosocial factors
Attitudes and Preferences
Perceived intolerance to dairy foods and milk	+ 40 ± 27	1.50	0.140	+ 25 ± 27	0.91	0.361
Rules and expectations for child’s intake of beverages	+ 402 ± 58	6.99	< 0.001	+ 388 ± 61	6.35	< 0.001
Interaction terms
NHW x rules and expectations	reference			reference
Asian x rules and expectations	− 214 ± 109	−2.00	0.051	− 222 ± 117	−1.90	0.058
Hispanic x rules and expectations	−257 ± 87	−2.94	0.003	− 323 ± 92	− 3.52	< 0.001
Social and Environmental
Availability of CRF	+ 129 ± 38	3.36	0.001	+ 148 ± 38	3.88	< 0.001
Parental dairy calcium intake/role modeling ^cd	+ 0.10 ± 0.06	1.69	0.091	+ 66 ± 66	0.99	0.321
Interaction terms
NHW x parent dairy calcium intake/role modeling	reference			reference
Asian x parent dairy calcium intake/role modeling	+ 0.21 ± 0.14	1.51	0.132	+ 62 ± 134	0.47	0.64
Hispanic x parent dairy calcium intake/role modeling	+ 0.20 ± 0.10	1.99	0.048	+ 244 ± 102	2.39	0.017

SE standard error, NHW non-Hispanic white
^aAdjusted for child ethnic group and gender, and parental employment status
^bβ represents difference in average dairy calcium intakes (mg) among the children based on variables as labeled and adjusted for variables in the table
^cModel 1 uses parent’s dairy calcium intake as estimated from the FFQ as a proxy for parental role modeling
^dModel 2 uses the psychosocial factor, parental role modeling, as a proxy for parental dietary calcium intake

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