Parent and household influences on calcium intake among early adolescents

BMC Public Health

Table 4 Multivariate linear regression for total dietary calcium from food (mg) of early adolescents (dependent variable) and parental psychosocial factors (independent variables)^ab

Y = total dietary calcium (mg)
	Model 1 ^c			Model 2 ^d
	R² = 0.190			R² = 0.182
	β ± SE	t-value	P-value	β ± SE	t-value	P-value
Parental psychosocial factors
Attitudes and Preferences
Perceived intolerance to dairy foods and milk	+ 57 ± 29	1.98	0.048	+ 50 ± 30	1.69	0.093
Convenience of CRF	+ 42 ± 37	1.143	0.253	+ 40 ± 38	1.07	0.287
Rules and expectations for child’s intake of beverages	+ 386 ± 61	6.31	< 0.001	+ 365 ± 65	5.58	< 0.001
Interaction terms
NHW x rules and expectations	reference			reference
Asian x rules and expectations	− 229 ± 117	−1.95	0.051	− 251 ± 126	−1.99	0.047
Hispanic x rules and expectations	−260 ± 93	−2.79	0.006	− 335 ± 99	−3.38	0.001
Social and Environmental
Availability of CRF	+ 114 ± 41	2.79	0.006	+ 131 ± 41	3.20	0.001
Parental calcium intake/role modeling ^cd	+ 0.11 ± 0.06	1.70	0.089	+ 85 ± 71	1.20	0.230
Interaction terms
NHW x parent calcium intake/role modeling	reference			reference
Asian x parent calcium intake/role modeling	+ 0.20 ± 0.14	1.50	0.135	+ 97 ± 143	0.68	0.500
Hispanic x parent calcium intake/role modeling	+ 0.23 ± 0.10	2.26	0.024	+ 257 ± 112	2.29	0.022

SE standard error, NHW non-Hispanic white
^aAdjusted for ethnic group (indicator variable), gender, and parental employment status
^bβ represents difference in average calcium intakes (mg) among the children based on variables as labeled and adjusted for variables in the table
^cModel 1 uses parent’s dietary calcium intake as estimated from the FFQ as a proxy for parental role modeling
^dModel 2 uses the psychosocial factor, parental role modeling, as a proxy for parental dietary calcium intake

ISSN: 1471-2458