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Table 2 Estimated dietary calcium intakes (mg/day) and patterns of milk and soda consumption among Asian, Hispanic and non-Hispanic white parents and their early adolescent children (aged 10–13 years) completing calcium-specific food frequency questionnaires

From: Parent and household influences on calcium intake among early adolescents

 

n

Total

 

Asian

 

Hispanic

 

NHW

P-value 1

Mean (SD)

n

Mean (SD)

n

Mean (SD)

n

Mean (SD)

 

Parents 2

597

 

108

 

216

 

273

  

Total calcium from food

∙∙∙

880 (453)

∙∙∙

693 (380) x

∙∙∙

833 (433) y

∙∙∙

991 (466) z

< 0.001

Total dairy calcium intake

∙∙∙

720 (425)

∙∙∙

486 (354) x

∙∙∙

682 (380) y

∙∙∙

843 (440) z

< 0.001

Milk as a beverage (cups/day)

∙∙∙

0.7 (0.9)

∙∙∙

0.5 (0.7) x

∙∙∙

0.5 (0.6) x

∙∙∙

0.9 (1.0) y

< 0.001

Soda pop (cans/day)

∙∙∙

0.4 (0.6)

∙∙∙

0.3 (0.4) x

∙∙∙

0.3 (0.5) x

∙∙∙

0.6 (0.7) y

< 0.001

Children 3

 Total calcium from food

  Total sample

597

1100 (504)

108

953 (464) x

216

1098 (497) y

273

1160 (514) y

0.001

  Boys

265

1170 (512) a

51

957 (429) x

91

1173 (514) y

123

1256 (519) y, a

0.002

  Girls

332

1044 (492) b

57

950 (497)

125

1043 (480)

150

1081 (499) b

0.231

 Total dairy calcium intake

  Total sample

597

962 (478)

108

801 (445) x

216

947 (455) y

273

1037 (493) y

< 0.001

  Boys

265

1033 (489) a

51

807 (405) x

91

1024 (473) x, a

123

1133 (504) y, a

< 0.001

  Girls

332

905 (463) b

57

796 (482)

125

890 (435) b

150

958 (472) b

0.071

 Milk as a beverage (cups/day)

  Total sample

597

1.4 (1.2)

108

1.4 (1.2) x

216

1.1 (1.0) y

273

1.6 (1.3) x

< 0.001

  Boys

265

1.5 (1.2) a

51

1.5 (1.2) x,y

91

1.2 (1.0) x

123

1.8 (1.3) y

0.001

  Girls

332

1.3 (1.2) b

57

1.3 (1.1) x,y

125

1.0 (1.0) x

150

1.5 (1.2) y

< 0.001

 Soda pop (cans/day)

  Total sample

597

0.3 (0.5)

108

0.2 (0.3) x

216

0.4 (0.5) y

273

0.3 (0.5) x

0.001

  Boys

265

0.3 (0.5)

51

0.3 (0.4) a

91

0.4 (0.6)

123

0.3 (0.4)

0.055

  Girls

332

0.3 (0.5)

57

0.2 (0.2) x, b

125

0.4 (0.5) y

150

0.3 (0.5) x, y

0.005

  1. NHW non-Hispanic white, SD standard deviation
  2. 1P-values given represent differences between ethnic groups
  3. 2Values with different superscripts (x, y, z) indicate significantly different means between ethnic groups (i.e. across columns)
  4. 3Values with different superscripts (a, b) indicate significantly different means between boys and girls (i.e. within columns)