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Table 3 Socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitusa diagnosis among adults in San Quintin, Baja California, Mexico – 2013-2014 (n = 275)

From: Prevalence and correlates of diabetes and metabolic syndrome in a rural indigenous community in Baja California, Mexico

Characteristic

Type 2 DM

(n = 60)

No Type 2 DM

(n = 215)

OR (95% CI)

p-value*

Socio-demographic

 Sex, (%)

  Male

13 (21.7)

57 (26.5)

1.00

 

  Female

47 (78.3)

158 (73.5)

1.30 (0.66, 2.59)

0.446

 Age (years)

43.5 ± 14.6

33.6 ± 11.6

1.06 (1.03, 1.08)

< 0.0001

 Birth state, (%)

   

0.130

  Other

15 (25.0)

35 (16.3)

1.00

 

  Born in Oaxaca

39 (65.0)

139 (64.7)

0.66 (0.33, 1.32)

0.725

  Born in Baja California

6 (10.0)

41 (19.0)

0.34 (0.12, 0.99)

0.068

 Incomeb (pesos, monthly), (%)

   < 3200

30 (50.0)

94 (43.7)

1.00

 

   ≥ 3200

30 (50.0)

121 (56.3)

0.78 (0.44, 1.39)

0.387

 Finished schoolc, (%)

   < 6 y (Less than Elementary)

46 (76.7)

102 (47.4)

1.00

 

   ≥ 6 y (Elementary or More)

14 (23.3)

113 (52.6)

0.27 (0.14, 0.53)

< 0.001

 Ethnic group, (%)

  Mestizo

28 (46.7)

80 (37.2)

1.00

 

  Indigenous

32 (53.3)

135 (62.8)

0.68 (0.38, 1.21)

0.185

 Indigenous groupc, (%)

  Other

11 (35.5)

47 (38.5)

1.00

 

  Mixteco

20 (64.5)

75 (61.5)

1.14 (0.50, 2.59)

0.755

 Literate, (%)

  No

20 (33.3)

30 (14.0)

1.00

 

  Yes

40 (66.7)

185 (86.0)

0.32 (0.17, 0.63)

0.001

 Speaks in indigenous languagec, (%)

  No

37 (63.8)

129 (60.0)

1.00

 

  Yes

21 (36.2)

86 (40.0)

0.85 (0.47, 1.55)

0.600

 Occupation, (%)

   

0.360

  Other

8 (13.3)

30 (14.0)

1.00

 

  Field laborer

24 (40.0)

106 (49.3)

0.85 (0.35, 2.08)

0.340

  Home maker

28 (46.7)

79 (36.7)

1.33 (0.55, 3.24)

0.248

 Residence in San Quintin (years)

19.9 ± 8.3

17.6 ± 8.5

1.03 (0.99, 1.07)

0.080

Lifestyle

 Smoking status, (%)

  No

53 (88.3)

201 (93.5)

1.00

 

  Yes

7 (11.7)

14 (6.5)

1.90 (0.73, 4.93)

0.180

 Alcohol intaked, (%)

  Rarely or never

53 (88.3)

191 (88.8)

1.00

 

  Occasionally or more

7 (11.7)

24 (11.2)

1.05 (0.43, 2.57)

0.913

 Total activity score

9.2 ± 2.8

9.0 ± 2.6

1.03 (0.93, 1.15)

0.561

  1. Abbreviations: Type 2 DM Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, y years
  2. aType 2 Diabetes Mellitus was defined as a glycated hemoglobin A1c ≥6.5%, according to the American Diabetes Association criteria
  3. bOfficial currency of Mexico: Peso Mexicano
  4. cDue to missing values, not all frequencies add up to 100%. Missing observations: School years n = 8; Indigenous group n = 14; Speaks in indigenous language n = 2
  5. dAlcohol intake defined as ‘rarely or never’ includes responses: never/rarely and 2–3 times per month; ‘occasionally or more’ includes responses: 1–2 times per week and 3 times or more per week
  6. *Chi square test and logistic regression used for p values. Significant values (p < 0.05) are shown in bold text