From: Barrier or stressor? The role of discrimination experiences in health service use
 | Indicators of intersectional social status | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Class 1 (n = 100) | Class 2 ( n = 107) | Class 3 (n=106) | Class 4 (n=153) | Class 5 (n=100) | Class 6 (n=181) | Class 7 (n=305) | |
n(%) | n(%) | n(%) | n(%) | n(%) | n(%) | n(%) | |
Ethnicity | |||||||
 White British | 0 | 103(97.2) | 42(39.8) | 74(46.5) | 52(52.0) | 0 | 265(86.0) |
 Black Caribbean | 21(20.8) | 0 | 8(7.9) | 37(25.4) | 8(8.5) | 0 | 11(3.6) |
 Black African | 30(29.8) | 0 | 27(26.0) | 9(5.5) | 6(6.4) | 62(33.8) | 1(0.5) |
 White Other | 24(24.3) | 0 | 8(6.6) | 11(7.7) | 19(18.3) | 71(38.0) | 14(4.6) |
 Non-White Other | 17(16.6) | 0 | 12(10.9) | 11(6.7) | 13(12.7) | 39(22.5) | 6(2.3) |
 Mixed | 8(8.5) | 3(2.8) | 9(8.8) | 11(8.2) | 2(2.1) | 9(5.7) | 8(3.0) |
Migrant status | |||||||
 Born in the UK | 25(28.0) | 107(100) | 79(76.8) | 110(74.9) | 52(54.7) | 10(6.8) | 285(95.1) |
 Migrant (0-10) | 11(12.1) | 0 | 17(14.4) | 6(4.3) | 9(10.1) | 81(47.3) | 2(0.6) |
 Migrant (11-20) | 27(28.5) | 0 | 8(8.2) | 16(11.1) | 4(4.4) | 52(28.6) | 3(1.0) |
 Migrant (21+) | 37(31.5) | 0 | 1(0.7) | 17(9.7) | 31(30.8) | 37(17.2) | 10(3.3) |
Educational attainment | |||||||
 No qualifications/GCSE | 47(45.0) | 88(80.7) | 13(12.1) | 75(47.9) | 19(17.6) | 12(6.8) | 6(1.8) |
 A Level | 35(36.9) | 17(17.4) | 55(52.3) | 65(43.4) | 13(12.7) | 45(24.4) | 32(11.1) |
 Degree or above | 18(18.1) | 2(1.9) | 38(35.6) | 13(8.7) | 68(69.7) | 124(68.8) | 267(87.1) |
Social occupational class | |||||||
 Class I | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1(0.7) | 0 | 23(13.3) | 59(19.4) |
 Class II | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23(14.6) | 0 | 86(47.2) | 197(64.4) |
 Class IIINM | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44(27.8) | 0 | 29(16.9) | 30(10.2) |
 Class IIIM | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27(18.7) | 0 | 9(5.1) | 16(4.9) |
 Class IV | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46(30.3) | 0 | 26(14.0) | 3(1.0) |
 Class V | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12(8.0) | 0 | 7(3.5) | 0 |
 No SOC assigned | 100(100) | 107(100) | 106(100) | 0 | 100(100) | 0 | 0 |
Employment status | |||||||
 Full/part-time employed | 0 | 0 | 0 | 153(100) | 0 | 180(100) | 305(100) |
 Student | 6(8.0) | 0 | 78(76.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Unemployed | 25(29.1) | 27(28.8) | 28(24.0) | 0 | 16(16.6) | 0 | 0 |
 Temporary sick/disabled | 19(19.0) | 18(19.2) | 0 | 0 | 4(5.0) | 0 | 0 |
 Retired | 30(24.2) | 56(45.8) | 0 | 0 | 53(50.2) | 0 | 0 |
 Looking after children | 20(19.7) | 6(6.2) | 0 | 0 | 27(28.2) | 0 | 0 |
Household income | |||||||
 £0 - £12,096 | 59(68.6) | 53(56.8) | 14(17.0) | 25(16.6) | 11(11.7) | 11(6.3) | 3(0.8) |
 £12,097-£31,494 | 22(23.2) | 41(43.2) | 14(17.5) | 71(51.1) | 25(29.1) | 38(21.5) | 29(9.6) |
 £31495+ | 7(8.2) | 0 | 49(65.5) | 43(32.3) | 49(59.2) | 122(72.2) | 261(89.6) |
Any debt | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 61(57.5) | 86(76.7) | 88(83.4) | 104(69.1) | 99(99.0) | 164(90.3) | 289(94.3) |
 Yes | 39(42.5) | 21(23.3) | 18(16.6) | 49(30.9) | 1(1.0) | 17(9.7) | 16(5.7) |
Any benefits | |||||||
 No | 20(16.4) | 39(31.6) | 87(83.8) | 108(72.1) | 87(86.5) | 162(89.6) | 294(96.6) |
 Yes | 80(83.6) | 68(68.4) | 19(16.2) | 45(27.9) | 13(13.5) | 19(10.4) | 11(3.4) |
Tenure | |||||||
 Own outright/ mortgage | 0 | 3(2.9) | 31(30.7) | 27(16.3) | 88(89.4) | 57(29.3) | 199(66.4) |
 Private rented | 18(19.9) | 10(8.8) | 32(29.9) | 16(11.6) | 5(6.2) | 73(45.3) | 68(26.9) |
 Social housing | 79(80.1) | 93(87.6) | 17(15.2) | 101(66.7) | 4(4.4) | 39(21.3) | 15(4.6) |
 Other | 0 | 1(0.8) | 24(24.2) | 7(5.4) | 0 | 7(4.1) | 6(2.1) |
Moved in past 2 years | |||||||
 Not moved or moved once | 89(89.6) | 106(98.8) | 88(85.2) | 145(94.6) | 97(100) | 157(85.7) | 262(90.4) |
 Moved twice or more | 9(10.4) | 1(1.2) | 16(14.8) | 7(5.4) | 0 | 20(14.3) | 26(9.6) |
Gender | |||||||
 Male | 32(35.5) | 44(45.8) | 48(52.3) | 60(45.5) | 32(35.2) | 77(48.6) | 144(53.6) |
 Female | 68(64.5) | 63(54.2) | 58(47.7) | 93(54.5) | 68(64.8) | 104(51.4) | 161(46.4) |
Age | |||||||
 16-34 | 28(34.1) | 13(16.6) | 93(91.1) | 52(44.0) | 15(18.3) | 67(44.3) | 105(41.5) |
 35-54 | 35(35.5) | 23(23.8) | 13(8.9) | 70(40.9) | 22(22.2) | 88(44.7) | 155(47.5) |
 55+ | 37(30.4) | 71(60.0) | 0 | 31(15.1) | 63(59.5) | 26(11.0) | 45(11.0) |