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Table 5 Binomial logit models of risk and protective factors predicting drug use among secondary school students in Botswana

From: Prevalence and predictors of alcohol and drug use among secondary school students in Botswana: a cross-sectional study

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

 

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

Models Risk

 Peer models risk

1.06

0.86–1.31

1.06

0.86–1.30

1.01

0.81–1.26

0.94

0.75–1.19

 Sibling drinks alcohol

1.01

0.76–1.34

1.00

0.75–1.33

1.09

0.85–1.41

1.12

0.87–1.44

 Problem drinker at home

1.11

0.80–1.54

1.12

0.82–1.52

1.19

0.88–1.62

1.21

0.87–1.67

Opportunity Risk

 Alcohol availability at home

1.16*

1.02–1.33

1.14*

1.01–1.29

1.09

0.98–1.22

1.09

0.97–1.22

 Alcohol availability in community

2.76***

2.26—3.36

2.56***

2.10–3.14

2.22***

1.79–2.76

2.11***

1.71–2.62

Vulnerability Risk

 Social Vulnerability Risk

1.14

0.91–1.94

1.22

0.97–1.52

1.27*

1.02–1.58

1.28*

1.02–1.60

Individual Vulnerability Risk

 Low perception of self

1.38

0.98–1.94

1.39

0.99–1.96

1.15

0.84–1.58

1.21

0.87–1.67

 Low expectations of the future

1.44**

1.09–1.92

1.36*

1.03–1.79

1.18

0.88–1.59

1.20

0.88–1.62

 Suicidal Ideation

1.40**

1.09–1.80

1.73***

1.28–2.32

1.65**

1.16–2.35

1.61**

1.11–2.33

Demographic variables

 Age

  

1.03

0.90–1.17

1.04

0.91–1.18

1.02

0.89–1.17

 Male gender

  

2.51***

1.70–3.70

2.10***

1.43–3.08

2.11***

1.47–3.01

 Urban location

  

1.28

0.90–1.83

1.23

0.88–1.70

1.18

0.86–1.63

 Support Protection

    

1.14

0.83–1.55

1.10

0.79–1.52

 Models Protection

    

1.18

0.90–1.55

1.22

0.93–1.60

Controls Protection

 Individual Controls Protection

    

0.82

0.65–1.02

0.80*

0.64–1.00

 Social Controls Protection

    

0.36***

0.26–0.51

  

 Family monitoring

      

0.77

0.59–1.02

 Peer disapproval of substance use

      

0.57***

0.49–0.65

 Peers view academic achievement as important

      

1.03

0.92–1.15

 School attachment

      

0.77*

0.59–1.00

  1. *** p-value ≤0.001, ** p-value ≤0.01, *p-value ≤0.05