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Table 4 Multinomial-ordinal and Multinomial-nominal Models of Factors Predicting Alcohol Use by AUDIT Score Category among Secondary School Students in Botswana

From: Prevalence and predictors of alcohol and drug use among secondary school students in Botswana: a cross-sectional study

 

Model 1A

Hazardous alcohol use vs. no use.

Model 1B

Hazardous alcohol use vs. lower risk use

Model 2A

Hazardous alcohol use vs. No use

Model 2B

Hazardous alcohol use vs. lower-risk use

Model 3

Model 4

 

OR

95%CI

OR

95%CI

OR

95%CI

OR

95%CI

OR

95%CI

OR

95%CI

Models Risk

 Peer models risk

1.55**

1.13–2.13

1.18

0.92–1.51

1.63**

1.11–2.27

1.14

0.90–1.44

1.32**

1.09–1.59

1.28**

1.06–1.54

 Sibling drinks alcohol

1.23

0.84–1.79

1.28

0.90–1.81

1.29

0.88–1.89

1.32

0.94–1.85

1.21

0.94–1.57

1.20

0.93–1.56

 Problem drinker at home

0.95

0.65–1.39

1.18

0.84–1.66

1.01

0.70–1.47

1.21

0.86–1.71

1.12

0.91–1.38

1.11

0.90–1.38

Opportunity Risk

 Alcohol availability at home

1.42***

1.21–1.67

1.08

0.91–1.28

1.38***

1.19–1.60

1.07

0.90–1.27

1.29***

1.16–1.42

1.29***

1.17–1.43

 Alcohol availability in community

7.26***

5.26–10.0

4.01***

2.87–5.59

7.21***

5.32–9.77

3.85***

2.72–5.46

4.19***

3.51–5.00

4.02***

3.38–4.78

Vulnerability Risk

 Social Vulnerability Risk

1.03

0.84–1.25

1.06

0.82–1.37

1.08

0.90–1.31

1.08

0.84–1.39

1.10

0.92–1.31

1.10

0.93–1.30

Individual Vulnerability Risk

 Low perception of self

0.91

0.67–1.24

0.73

0.52–1.03

0.93

0.70–1.24

0.72

0.51–1.03

1.05

0.82–1.34

1.10

0.85–1.41

 Low expectations of the future

1.76***

1.43–2.17

1.63***

1.28–2.08

1.75***

1.40–2.18

1.55***

1.19–2.02

1.22**

1.05–1.43

1.23**

1.05–1.44

 Suicidal Ideation

1.28

0.92–1.80

1.18

0.96–1.45

1.40*

1.00–1.95

1.28

0.97–1.68

1.35**

1.07–1.70

1.29*

1.02–1.63

Demographic variables

 Age

    

0.89*

0.79–1.00

1.05

0.94–1.18

0.90*

0.83–0.98

0.90

0.82–0.98

 Male gender

    

1.66**

1.11–2.48

1.43

0.94–2.19

1.24

0.92–1.66

1.25

0.93–1.66

 Urban location

    

1.41

0.98–2.04

1.29

0.91–1.83

1.12

0.86–1.45

1.13

0.87–1.46

Support Protection

        

1.20

0.94–1.53

1.20

0.95–1.53

Models Protection

        

0.90

0.73–1.11

0.90

0.73–1.11

Controls Protection

            

Individual Controls Protection

        

0.85

0.70–1.02

0.84

0.70–1.01

Social Controls Protection

        

0.66**

0.49–0.88

  

Family monitoring

          

0.77**

0.65–0.91

Peer disapproval of substance use

          

0.79***

0.69–0.90

Peers view academic achievement as important

          

1.02

0.89–1.16

School Attachment

          

1.00

0.90–1.13

  1. *** p-value ≤0.001, ** p-value ≤0.01, *p-value ≤0.05