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Table 3 Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) readings of river users by daily maximum temperatures, river attendance information and self-reported swimming ability, chi square (N = 684)

From: Breathalysing and surveying river users in Australia to understand alcohol consumption and attitudes toward drowning risk

 

Total

Alcohol Yes

Alcohol No

X2 (p value) comparing alcohol yes to alcohol no

X2 comparing over BAC < 0.05% to BAC ≥0.05%

 

BAC 0.001–0.049%

BAC ≥0.050%

 

N

%

N

%

N

%

N

%

Daily maximum air temperature degrees Celsius (Fahrenheit)

  < 32.0 (< 89.6)

182

26.6

6

3.3

1

0.5

173

95.1

22.361 (p < 0.001)

11.343 (p < 0.001)*

 32.0–35.9 (89.6–96.6)

167

24.4

16

9.6

10

6.0

141

84.4

0.022 (p = 0.882)

0.459 (p = 0.498)

 36.0–39.9 (96.8–103.8)

189

27.6

22

11.6

21

11.1

146

77.2

9.056 (p = 0.003)

6.119 (p = 0.013)

  ≥ 40.0 (≥104.0)

146

21.3

16

11.0

15

10.3

115

78.8

3.888 (p = 0.049)

2.700 (p = 0.100)

At river alone or with others

 Alone

41

6.0

2

4.9

0

0.0

39

95.1

3.981 (p = 0.046)

3.366 (p = 0.107)*

 With friends

412

60.2

39

9.5

44

10.7

329

79.9

13.707 (p < 0.001)

19.257 (p < 0.001)

 With family

317

46.3

22

6.9

11

3.5

284

89.6

13.466 (p < 0.001)

12.120 (p < 0.001)

Frequency of visiting any river in the last 30 days (month)

 1–2 times

248

36.3

19

7.7

21

8.5

208

83.9

0.004 (p = 0.947)

0.946 (p = 0.331)

 3–5 times

166

24.3

15

9.0

6

3.6

145

87.3

1.838 (p = 0.175)

4.215 (p = 0.040)

 6–10 times

128

18.7

10

7.8

8

6.3

110

85.9

0.443 (p = 0.506)

0.211 (p = 0.646)

 11+ times

139

20.3

16

11.5

14

10.1

109

78.4

4.040 (p = 0.044)

2.164 (p = 0.141)

 Unknown

3

0.4

0

0.0

0

0.0

3

100.0

–

–

Length of time spent in water (in minutes)

 0 min

152

22.2

15

9.9

3

2.0

134

88.2

2.445 (p = 0.118)

7.915 (p = 0.004)*

 1–30 min

283

41.4

32

11.3

17

6.0

234

82.7

0.685 (p = 0.408)

0.971 (p = 0.324)

 31–60 min

87

12.7

5

5.7

3

3.4

79

90.8

3.380 (p = 0.066)

2.069 (p = 0.184)*

 61–120 min

53

7.7

4

7.5

7

13.2

42

79.2

0.996 (p = 0.318)

3.155 (p = 0.091)*

 121–300 min

89

13.0

4

4.5

13

14.6

72

80.9

0.765 (p = 0.382)

8.523 (p = 0.007)*

 301+ minutes

20

2.9

0

0.0

6

30.0

14

70.0

3.042 (p = 0.081)

16.155 (p = 0.002)*

  1. Please note: Chi square analysis excludes the other/unknown variables. *p value reported is Fisher’s Exact Test
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